切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (01) : 32 -39. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2025.01.005

临床研究

重型颅脑损伤患者术后血钠水平变化规律对继发性脑积水的预测价值
吴东阳1, 赵玉龙1, 文安国2, 李俊之3, 纪鑫3, 赵明光1,()   
  1. 1. 110016 沈阳,解放军北部战区总医院神经外科
    2. 111010 辽阳,陆军第七十九集团军医院神经外科
    3. 116021 大连,解放军联勤保障部队第九六七医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18 出版日期:2025-02-15
  • 通信作者: 赵明光
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82071481)

Predictive value of postoperative changes in blood sodium levels in patients with severe traumatic brain injury for secondary hydrocephalus

Dongyang Wu1, Yulong Zhao1, Anguo Wen2, Junzhi Li3, Xin Ji3, Mingguang Zhao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA,Shenyang 110016,China
    2. Department of Neurosurgery,Hospital of the 79th Army of the Army,Liaoyang 111010,China
    3. Department of Neurosurgery,the 967th Medical Officer of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Dalian 116021,China
  • Received:2024-06-18 Published:2025-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Mingguang Zhao
引用本文:

吴东阳, 赵玉龙, 文安国, 李俊之, 纪鑫, 赵明光. 重型颅脑损伤患者术后血钠水平变化规律对继发性脑积水的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2025, 11(01): 32-39.

Dongyang Wu, Yulong Zhao, Anguo Wen, Junzhi Li, Xin Ji, Mingguang Zhao. Predictive value of postoperative changes in blood sodium levels in patients with severe traumatic brain injury for secondary hydrocephalus[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(01): 32-39.

目的

探讨重型颅脑损伤(sTBI)患者术后血钠水平变化规律对继发性脑积水的预测价值。

方法

回顾性分析解放军北部战区总医院神经外科自2012年6月至2023年6月收治的130例sTBI患者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生脑积水将患者分为继发性脑积水组(32例)和无继发性脑积水组(98例)。对比2组患者的一般资料与术后血钠水平变化规律,构建血钠水平变化速率与继发性脑积水组的联合模型;采用逐步Logistic回归模型分析继发性脑积水组术后血钠变化规律与脑脊液压力(CSFP)参数的相关性;运用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选sTBI术后并发继发性脑积水的潜在风险因素;使用限制性立方样条模型估计血钠水平规律与术后继发性脑积水的关联及其剂量-反应关系。

结果

2组患者的颅脑损伤部位、手术前后GCS评分、脑室系统出血、导水管与环池结构清晰以及术后大面积脑梗死发生率、颅内感染率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者的血钠水平均在术后第2天明显升高,且继发性脑积水组在术后2~28 d的血钠水平均明显高于无继发性脑积水组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。逐步Logistic回归模型分析显示,不同血钠水平与脑脊液可溶性Fas(sFas,OR=1.495,95%CI:1.133~1.967,P=0.009)、sFas配体(sFasL,OR=1.307,95%CI:1.106~1.748,P=0.011)、CSFP(OR=1.608,95%CI:1.276~2.308,P=0.004)及颅内压相关系数(RAP,OR=1.328,95%CI:1.025~1.768,P=0.006)存在明显的相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术后脑室系统出血、合并颅内感染、大面积脑梗死,术后sFas、sFasL、CSFP、RAP升高及术后2 d血钠水平≥149.76 mmol/L均是术后继发性脑积水的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。限制性立方样条模型分析显示,血钠水平规律与术后继发性脑积水关联强度呈非线性剂量-反应关系。

结论

sTBI患者术后的血钠水平变化规律与继发性脑积水关系密切,对术后继发性脑积水存在一定的预测价值。

Objective

To investigate the postoperative changes in blood sodium levels in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) due to secondary hydrocephalus.

Methods

The clinical data of 130 patients with sTBI admitted to Neurosurgery Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA from June 2012 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a secondary hydrocephalus group (32 cases) and a non-secondary hydrocephalus group (98 cases)according to whether they developed hydrocephalus after surgery. By comparing the general data of the two groups and the changes of blood sodium level after operation,the combined model of the change rate of blood sodium level and the secondary hydrocephalus group was established. The correlation between postoperative blood sodium changes and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) parameters in the secondary hydrocephalus group was analyzed using a stepwise Logistic regression model. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential risk factors of secondary hydrocephalus after sTBI.The restricted cubic spline model was used to estimate the relationship between sodium levels and postoperative secondary hydrocephalus and the dose-response relationship.

Results

There were significant differences in the head injury site,preoperative and postoperative GCS score,intraventricular hemorrhage,clear structure of the aqueduct and annulus,incidence of postoperative large cerebral infarction,and postoperative intracranial infection rate between 2 groups (P<0.05). The serum sodium level in both groups significantly increased on the second day after surgery,and the serum sodium level in the secondary hydrocephalus group was much higher than that in the non-secondary hydrocephalus group from 2 to 28 d after surgery,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Stepwise Logistic regression model analysis showed that different serum sodium levels were significantly correlated with soluble Fas (sFas,OR=1.495,95%CI: 1.133-1.967,P=0.009),sFas ligand (sFasL,OR=1.307,95%CI: 1.106-1.748,P=0.011),CSFP (OR=1.608,95%CI: 1.276-2.308,P=0.004) and regression of amplitude and pressure (RAP,OR=1.328,95%CI: 1.025-1.768,P=0.006) in cerebrospinal fluid. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage,postoperative intracranial infection,postoperative large area cerebral infarction,postoperative sFas,sFasL,CSFP,RAP elevation,and serum sodium level ≥149.76 mmol/L 2 d after surgery were all independent risk factors for postoperative secondary hydrocephalus (P<0.05). The results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the level of blood sodium and the intensity of postoperative secondary hydrocephalus.

Conclusion

The postoperative changes in blood sodium levels in sTBI patients are closely associated with secondary hydrocephalus and have a certain predictive value for postoperative secondary hydrocephalus.

表1 2组sTBI患者的临床资料比较
Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between two groups of sTBI patients
表2 2组sTBI患者术前术后血钠水平比较(mmol/L,±s
Tab.2 Comparison of serum sodium levels between two groups of sTBI patients preoperative and postoperative (mmol/L,Mean±SD
表3 sTBI患者血钠水平变化规律与继发性脑积水的联合模型结果
Tab.3 Joint model results of changes in blood sodium levels and secondary hydrocephalus in patients with sTBI
表4 sTBI患者血钠变化规律与脑脊液压力参数的相关性
Tab.4 Correlation between changes in blood sodium levels and cerebrospinal fluid pressure parameters in patients with sTBI
变量 血钠[mmol/L,OR(95%CI)] 血钠五分位数组[OR(95%CI)]
Q1(<137.24) Q2(137.25~141.41) Q3(141.42~145.58) Q4(145.59~149.75) Q5(>149.76) P 趋势
sFas
未校正 1.132(1.032~1.579) 0.949(0.638~1.216) 1.137(0.967~1.536) 1.322(1.162~1.824) 1.459(0.958~1.753) <0.001
模型1 1.274(1.082~1.695) Ref. 1.168(1.021~1.419) 1.367(1.063~1.553) 1.418(1.297~1.698) 1.666(1.436~1.816) <0.001
模型2 1.495(1.133~1.967) 1.348(1.137~1.551) 1.644(1.329~2.685) 1.882(1.433~2.060) 2.264(1.943~2.633) <0.001
sFasL
未校正 1.603(1.206~2.175) 1.016(0.745~1.224) 1.253(0.828~1.468) 1.386(1.025~1.638) 1.544(1.192~2.073) <0.001
模型1 1.288(1.066~1.749) Ref. 1.242(0.956~1.428) 1.387(1.095~1.778) 1.528(1.296~1.957) 1.752(1.481~1.963) <0.001
模型2 1.307(1.106~1.748) 1.418(1.297~1.698) 1.716(1.534~2.128) 1.998(1.633~2.256) 2.375(2.031~2.647) <0.001
CSFP
未校正 1.532(1.095~1.866) 0.815(0.736~0.902) 1.022(0.895~1.358) 1.227(1.081~1.420) 1.402(1.267~1.674) 0.004
模型1 1.649(1.237~2.169) Ref. 1.134(1.058~1.398) 1.215(0.967~1.498) 1.315(1.134~1.695) 1.469(1.057~1.613) <0.001
模型2 1.608(1.276~2.308) 1.252(1.064~1.658) 1.323(1.097~1.574) 1.436(1.115~1.860) 1.504(1.224~1.827) <0.001
RAP
未校正 1.533(1.218~1.957) 0.803(0.519~1.139) 1.018(0.932~1.369) 1.125(0.952~1.427) 1.248(0.912~1.436) <0.001
模型1 1.497(1.032~1.879) Ref. 1.101(1.019~1.587) 1.121(1.013~1.544) 1.264(1.103~1.606) 1.337(1.189~1.767) <0.001
模型2 1.328(1.025~1.768) 1.249(1.097~1.477) 1.305(1.196~1.722) 1.369(1.091~1.987) 1.415(1.067~1.436) <0.001
表5 术后继发性脑积水的多因素Logistic回归分析赋值表
Tab.5 Assignment table of multivariate Logistic regression analysis of postoperative secondary hydrocephalus
表6 sTBI患者术后继发性脑积水危险因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
Tab.6 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for postoperative secondary hydrocephalus in patients with sTBI
图1 sTBI患者血钠水平与继发性脑积水组的剂量-反应关系
Fig.1 Dose response relationship between blood sodium levels and secondary hydrocephalus in patients with sTBI
[1]
何鑫,贺亚龙,武秀权,等. 成年重型颅脑损伤后加重继发性脑损伤的危险因素分析[J]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志,2021,7(3): 132-136. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2021.03.002.He X,He YL,Wu XQ,et al. Analysis of risk factors for aggravating secondary brain injury after adult severe traumatic brain injury[J]. Chin J Neurotrauma Surg (Electronic Edition),2021,7(3): 132-136. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2021.03.002.
[2]
Cheng B,Ballabh P. Recovery of the brain after intraventricularhemorrhage[J]. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med,2022,27(1): 101224. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101224.
[3]
Yamanaka T,Nishikawa Y,Iwata T,et al. Preventive effect of intermittent cerebrospinal fluid drainage for secondary chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[J].Fluids Barriers CNS,2023,20(1): 91. DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00486-5.
[4]
Wang Z,Zhang Y,Hu F,et al. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus[J]. CNS Neurosci Ther,2020,26(12): 1230-1240. DOI: 10.1111/cns.13526.
[5]
Na MK,Won YD,Kim CH,et al. Early variations of laboratory parameters predicting shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage[J]. PLoS One,2017,12(12): e0189499.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189499.
[6]
Johansyah TKP,Jonathan J,Yusari IGAAA,et al. Equiosmolar doses of hypertonic saline versus mannitol for brain relaxation in patients undergoing elective craniotomies: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg,2022,58(1): 142. DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00565-8.
[7]
陈波,余小祥,肖庆保. 醒脑静注射液联合改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者术后颅内压及血清炎症因子水平的影响[J]. 中国药房,2018,29(5): 674-678. DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.05.25.Chen B,Yu XX,Xiao QB. Effects of Xingnaojing injection combined with modified large bone flap decompression on postoperative intracranial pressure and serum inflammatory factors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury[J]. China Pharmacy,2018,29(5): 674-678. DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.05.25.
[8]
曹霞,张蓉蓉,薛晓宏. 颅内压联合PCT与NSE监测对重型颅脑损伤患者病情的预测价值研究[J]. 临床急诊杂志,2023,24(3): 137-142. DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2023.03.006.Cao X,Zhang RR,Xue XH. Predictive value of intracranial pressure combined with PCT and NSE monitoring in patients with severe craniocerebral injury[J]. J Clin Emerg,2023,24(3): 137-142. DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2023.03.006.
[9]
Wang H,Liu Y,Yuan J,et al. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting mortality in patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective analysis[J]. Neurol Sci,2024,45(10): 4931-4956. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07572-y.
[10]
揭家广,邢红伟,刘金龙. 重型颅脑损伤患者术后继发性脑积水的相关风险Logitic多因素分析[J]. 武警后勤学院学报(医学版),2021,30(10): 122-123,126. DOI: 10.16548/j.2095-3720.2021.10.064.Jie JG,Xing HW,Liu JL. Logitic multivariate analysis of related risks of postoperative secondary hydrocephalus in patients with severe craniocerebral injury[J]. Journal of Logistical University of PAP (Medical Sciences),2021,30(10): 122-123,126. DOI: 10.16548/j.2095-3720.2021.10.064.
[11]
张焕标. 重型颅脑损伤患者减压术后继发性脑积水发生的影响因素分析[J]. 实用中西医结合临床,2021,21(8): 127-128.DOI: 10.13638/j.issn.1671-4040.2021.08.063.Zhang HB. Analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of secondary hydrocephalus after decompression surgery in patients with severe craniocerebral injury[J]. Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,2021,21(8): 127-128. DOI: 10.13638/j.issn.1671-4040.2021.08.063.
[12]
王伟. 早期引流血性脑脊液对重型脑外伤手术患者预后的影响[J]. 浙江创伤外科,2023,28(7): 1259-1261. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7147.2023.07.017.Wang W. The impact of early drainage of hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for severe traumatic brain injury[J]. Zhejiang J Traumat Surg,2023,28(7):1259-1261. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7147. 2023.07.017.
[13]
胡健. 颅底及脑室周围肿瘤术后继发性脑积水的预测因素[D]. 合肥: 安徽医科大学,2020.Hu J. Predictive factors for secondary hydrocephalus after surgery for tumors in the skull base and periventricular regions[D]. Hefei:Anhui Medical University,2020.
[14]
徐阳,崔慧琴,徐婷,等. 老年重型颅脑损伤并发多脏器功能障碍的危险因素[J]. 中国临床神经外科杂志,2023,28(12): 705-707,711. DOI: 10.13798/j.issn.1009-153X.2023.12.009.Xu Y,Cui HQ,Xu T,et al. Risk factors for multiple organ dysfunction in elderly patients with severe traumatic brain injury[J]. Chin J Clin Neurosurg,2023,28(12): 705-707,711. DOI:10.13798/j.issn.1009-153X.2023.12.009.
[15]
孙思辉,杨安强,贺杰. 颅脑损伤患者血浆suPAR、凝血功能及血清钠离子水平与其病情、预后的关系[J]. 西部医学,2023,35(6): 885-888. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3511.2023.06.019.Sun SH,Yang AQ,He J. Relationship between plasma suPAR,coagulation function and serum sodium ion level and their disease condition and prognosisin patients with craniocerebral injury[J].Med J West China,2023,35(6): 885-888. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3511.2023.06.019.
[16]
Kadel A,Kharal N,Sapkota S,et al. Antidiuretic hormone deficiency secondary to inactive hydrocephalus: a case report[J]. J Med Case Rep,2024,18(1): 133. DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04467-6.
[17]
Tam CW,Shum HP,Yan WW. Impact of dysnatremia and dyskalemia on prognosis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective study[J]. Indian J Crit Care Med,2019,23(12): 562-567. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23292.
[18]
Beseoglu K,Etminan N,Steiger HJ,et al. The relation of early hypernatremia with clinical outcome in patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2014,123: 164-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.05.022.
[19]
颜羽. 中重型颅脑损伤患者电解质紊乱的临床特点及对预后的影响[D]. 杭州: 浙江中医药大学,2023.Yan Y. Clinical characteristics of electrolyte imbalance in patients with moderate to severe craniocerebral injury and its impact on prognosis[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,2023.
[20]
Patel N,Patel D,Farouk SS,et al. Salt and water: a review of hypernatremia[J]. Adv Kidney Dis Health,2023,30(2): 102-109.DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.010.
[21]
赵思任,张建斌,张吉论,等. 创伤性颅脑损伤患者去骨瓣术后脑积水风险列线图模型构建及其价值评估[J]. 创伤外科杂志,2022,24(4): 259-264. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2022.04.005.Zhao SR,Zhang JB,Zhang JL,et al. Construction of a nomogram model of hydrocephalus risk after craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury and its value evaluation[J]. J Trauma Surg,2022,24(4): 259-264. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2022.04.005.
[22]
Qian J,Min X,Wang F,et al. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperac tivity in adult patients with brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. World Neurosurg,2022,166: 212-219. DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.141.
[23]
张坤虎,陈勃勃,王保江,等. 腰椎穿刺放液试验和腰大池置管脑脊液压力持续测定在特发性正常压力脑积水诊疗中的应用[J]. 贵州医药,2020,44(11): 1798-1799. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-2346.2019.02.005.Zhang KH,Chen BB,Wang BJ,et al. Application of lumbar puncture drainage test and continuous measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure through lumbar cistern catheterization in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus[J].Guizhou Med J,2020,44(11): 1798-1799. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-2346.2019.02.005.
[24]
Griffith B,Capobres T,Patel SC,et al. CSF pressure change inrelation to opening pressure and CSF volume removed[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2018,39(6): 1185-1190. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5642.
[1] 张雯, 张彦春, 刘凯波, 徐宏燕. 北京市胎儿先天性脑积水的产前MRI诊断及围产期转归[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(03): 345-349.
[2] 王柠, 王佳伟, 刘旭阳. 重视眼颅压力差在多学科领域的应用[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 12(06): 321-325.
[3] 王霞, 粱育磊, 沈杰, 袁杰, 吴颖鹏, 张丽丽, 陈相娣. 重型颅脑损伤术后脑膨出的风险预测模型构建[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2024, 10(06): 359-366.
[4] 从长春, 王春琳, 武孝刚, 王金标, 章福彬, 孙磊, 王李. 重型颅脑损伤患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素及病原学分析[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2024, 10(03): 151-157.
[5] 聂玉金, 曹培成. 创伤性颅脑损伤患者保守治疗发生脑积水的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(06): 355-359.
[6] 沈汉超, 何炯周, 田君, 魏梁锋, 王守森. 老年重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝患者预后不良的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(06): 350-354.
[7] 吕伟豪, 费晓炜, 武秀权, 何鑫, 郇宇, 吴霜, 豆雅楠, 费舟, 胡世颉. 重型颅脑损伤合并应激性高血糖患者血糖水平与预后的关系[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(06): 338-342.
[8] 王守森, 黄银兴, 陈宇晖, 胡晓芳, 刘海兵. 重型颅脑损伤的外科救治策略[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(03): 190-192.
[9] 汤宏, 高灵, 高宁, 蒋俊文, 张吉坤, 李由, 陈伟明, 夏鹰. 控制性减压在治疗重型颅脑损伤中的应用[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(02): 91-96.
[10] 朱敏, 李法强. CD64指数联合降钙素原、白介素-6、血清淀粉样蛋白A检测对重型颅脑损伤术后颅内细菌感染的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(01): 26-31.
[11] 王奎重, 王天助, 袁冶, 胡金娜, 杜嘉庚, 袁绍纪. 三维重建术前计划在经侧脑室后角穿刺脑室-腹腔分流术中的应用[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2022, 08(06): 361-364.
[12] 王晓静, 林家汉, 周桔丰, 李晨翠. 不同时机营养支持在改善重型颅脑损伤患者营养状态及免疫功能中的应用[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 335-339.
[13] 李秋琼, 薛静, 王敏, 陈芬, 肖美芳. NSE、SIL-2R、TNF-α检测对小儿病毒性脑膜炎与细菌性脑膜炎的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 303-307.
[14] 刘健, 韦晓旭, 李庆友, 黄明将. 血栓弹力图R值在重型颅脑损伤并发MODS中的作用[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(07): 680-684.
[15] 奚玲如, 罗利婷, 李丹丹, 刘碧梅, 赖可元, 刘志红. 一例狒狒巴拉姆希阿米巴脑炎报告及文献复习[J/OL]. 中华临床实验室管理电子杂志, 2024, 12(04): 238-243.
阅读次数
全文


摘要