Traumatic brain injury is a major public hazard in modern human society. In our country, with the rapid development of transportation, construction and manufacturing industry, brain trauma has become one of the most important reasons for the loss of social labor force. Review past clinical treatment and applied basic research work, we will find that they either lack the independent study of primary vascular damage, or lack enough attention for craniocerebral trauma cmpared with the nerve tissue damage caused by trauma. This will inevitably cause the lack of understanding of the secondary brain damage, thus affecting the treatment results. Recently, clinical researchers have conducted a lot of work on post-traumatic cerebral injury, and achieved some results. We believe that these efforts will promote the rapid development of the theory of brain trauma.