To investigate the effects of D-allose treatment on oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induced HT22 cell damage and galactin-3 (Gal-3) expression.

HT22 cells in normal culture were randomly divided into control group, OGD/R group, D-allose group and inhibitor group after passage and adhesion. OGD/R model was constructed and set it as the OGD/R group. D-allose group: OGD/R model was constructed, 10 mmol/L D-allose was added into the medium during the reoxygenation and reglucose and continued until the end of the reoxygenation and reglucose. Inhibitor group: OGD/R model was constructed, and D-allose and TD139 were added to the culture medium at the same time during reoxygenation and disaccharide, which lasted until the end of reoxygenation and disaccharide. CCK8 assay was used to detect cell survival rate. The expression of Gal-3 and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.

Compared with OGD/R group, the survival rate of cells in D-allose group was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, the protein expression levels of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3, Gal-3 and LGALS3BP were significantly decreased, and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly increased, with statistical significance (P<0.05); but there was no significant difference in Caspase-3 protein expression (P>0.05). Compared with the D-allose group, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax in inhibitor group was significantly increased, Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression was significantly decreased, with statistical significance (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in Caspase-3 protein expression (P>0.05).

D-allose treatment has a protective effect on OGD/R-induced HT22 cell damage, and D-allose may play a protective role by inhibiting Gal-3.

To analyze the relevant risk factors of lower limb venous thrombosis (VET) secondary to acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) and establish a predictive model.

A retrospective study was conducted on 200 acute TBI patients who underwent Neurosurgery Department of Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University January 2020 to September 2022. General information, imaging data, and test indicators of the patients were collected 24 h after admission. Based on the results of lower limb ultrasound examination during hospitalization, the patients were divided into VTE group (54 cases) and non VTE group (146 cases). The various indicators of the two groups of patients were compared, the independent risk factors for lower limb VET in TBI patients were analyzed, and the risk prediction model was established. The predictive value of the model was evaluated by drawing ROC curves.

There were statistically significant differences in age, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, platelet count, admission GCS≤8 score, and lower limb immobilization between VTE group and the non VTE group (P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, admission GCS≤8 score, and lower limb immobilization were independent risk factors for lower limb VET in patients with acute TBI (P<0.05). A column chart prediction model was constructed using risk factors. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for lower limb VET in TBI patients diagnosed with age, admission GCS≤8 score, and lower limb immobilization were 0.716 (95%CI: 0.642-0.791), 0.407 (95%CI: 0.341-0.500), and 0.596 (95%CI: 0.501-0.691), respectively. The AUC value of the model (represented by the combined variable PRE) was 0.770 (95%CI: 0.698-0.841), indicating that the model has a good predictive effect on lower limb VET in TBI patients.

Age, lower limb immobilization, and admission GCS≤8 score are independent risk factors for lower limb VET in acute TBI patients, and the constructed risk prediction model has certain predictive value.

To explore the relationship between the random blood glucose level and the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients with stress hyperglycemia during hospitalization.

The in-hospital medical records of 85 patients with sTBI and first-admission random blood glucose>11.1 mmol/L admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from October 2013 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into good outcome group (GOS>3 score) and poor outcome group (GOS≤3 score) according to their GOS score at discharge. The general information of two groups was compared, the multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors affecting patient prognosis, and the relationship between random blood glucose levels during hospitalization and prognosis was analyzed.

Of the 85 patients included, 67 had poor outcome and 18 had good outcome. The difference in random blood glucose levels between the two groups during hospitalization was statistically significant (P<0.05), and blood glucose>11.1 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of sTBI patients. During hospitalization, 26 patients developed concurrent infections, including 3 in the group with good outcome and 23 in the group with poor outcome, there was no statistically significant difference in infection rates between the two groups (P>0.05). Patients with random blood glucose>11.1 mmol/L had significantly higher infection rates compared to those with ≤11.1 mmol/L, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Randomized blood glucose levels during hospitalization in patients with sTBI and SH are associated with prognosis, and blood glucose levels>11.1 mmol/L are independent risk factors for the prognosis of sTBI patients.

Utilizing bioinformatics analysis to investigate the potential role of the FSTL1 gene in the development of gliomas.

The glioma gene expression levels and clinical data were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Project (CGGA) database. Glioma patients were categorized into high expression group (FSTL1 expression level ≥ 29.1 reads) and low expression group (FSTL1 expression level<29.1 reads) based on FSTL1 expression level. Differential gene analysis was conducted between the high and low expression groups, and perform gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to construct a prognostic model. It was also verified in the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis (GLASS) dataset.

High expression of FSTL1 is associated with poor clinical features, such as non-codelof 1p19q, IDH wildtype, higher grade (WHO Ⅲ-Ⅳ), etc. The prognosis of patients in the low expression group was significantly better than that in the high expression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). GO analysis showed that DEGs is mainly concentrated in extracellular matrix tissue, immune-related, vascular system development, etc. The main pathways identified by gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) were: ECM_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION, G2M_CHECKPOINT, L6_JAK_STAT3_SIGNALING, and TNFA_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB, etc. Compared with the low expression group, the high expression group showed higher immune and matrix scores, but lower purity scores (all P<0.001). Genes used for constructing the risk score were: ALDOC, GLC1, LINC00634, TGIF1, TPM4, and TRAM2. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a poor prognosis of the high-risk score. Construct a survival prediction nomogram, and the subject operating characteristics and the correction curve all showed that the model had a good predictive ability.

FSTL1 is related to the clinical and molecular characteristics of glioma, and its expression is related to the degree of tumor malignancy, being a potential therapeutic target and an independent prognostic factor in glioma patients.

To investigate the effect of mechanical thrombectomy and bridging after intravenous thrombolysis on acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction.

From January 2021 to June 2022, 105 patients with acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the great arteries admitted to Neurology Department of Qionghai People's Hospital were selected and divided into 3 groups: 35 patients in the control group (simple intravenous thrombolysis), 35 patients in the observation group A (intravenous thrombolysis bridging mechanical thrombectomy) and 35 patients in the observation group B (direct mechanical thrombectomy). The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the neurological function, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate patients' prognosis. The NIHSS, mRS scores, vascular recanalization rate, good prognosis rate, severe disability rate and mortality rate were compared in the three groups.

The NIHSS scores of the three groups at 24 h, 1 month and 3 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the NIHSS scores of observation group A and observation group B were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the NIHSS scores of observation group A were significantly lower than those of observation group B, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1-3 months of treatment, the mRS scores of observation group A and observation group B were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the mRS scores of observation group A were significantly lower than those of observation group B, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The good prognosis rate and vascular recanalization rate in observation group A and observation group B were significantly higher than those in control group, while the severe disability rate and mortality rate were significantly lower than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05); There was a statistically significant difference in the good prognosis rate between observation group A and observation group B (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the vascular recanalization rate, severe disability rate, and mortality rate between the two groups (P>0.05).

Mechanical thrombectomy and bridging after intravenous thrombolysis for acute large artery occlusion cerebral infarction can effectively improve neurological function, reduce disability, increase vascular recanalization rate, improve prognosis, and reduce severe disability and mortality.

To investigate the effects of anterior clinoid process (ACP) grinding and optic canal opening on the resection of anterior clinoid meningioma (ACM), and to clarify the benefits and feasibility of anterior clinoid process grinding and optic canal decompression.

The clinical data of 63 cases with ACM who were surgically treated by the author from July 1999 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, including 13 cases of epidural ACP grinding, optic canal roof removal and optic sheath opening; 36 cases underwent standard frontotemporal craniotomy, of which 6 cases underwent intradural ACP grinding and opening of the optic nerve; Tumors were resected through combined epidural and intradural approach in 14 cases. The effects of surgical methods on tumor resection and visual function recovery were analyzed, and the curative effects of epidural and intradural ACP grinding were compared.

After 3 months of follow-up, the results of MRI showed that: Simpson grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ total resection was performed in 48 cases (76.2%), Simpson Ⅲ-Ⅳ resection in 15 cases (23.8%). The degree of tumor resection was related to whether anterior clinoid grinding and optic canal opening were performed (P<0.05), but there was no obvious relationship with the surgical methods (intradural, extradural, or combination of intradural and extradural) (P>0.05). The postoperative visual acuity level was related to the intraoperative opening of the optic canal (P<0.05), but it has nothing to do with whether ACP was removed or the surgical method (P>0.05).

ACP resection and optic canal opening can improve the rate of total tumor resection, and improve postoperative vision of patients.

To investigate the predictive value of early detection of plasma phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) on the severity and prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Sixty-eight TBI patients admitted to Neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from August 2020 to May 2022 were prospectively collected and categorized into mild TBI group (GCS 13-15 points), moderate TBI group (GCS 9-12 points), and severe TBI group (GCS 3-8 points) based on the GCS score, and were divided into adverse group and good group based on the GOS score at 6 months after TBI. One hundred healthy medical checkups who were admitted to the hospital for medical checkups in the same period were selected as the control group. Plasma PGK1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay within 12 h after the patients' admission to the hospital. The differences in plasma PGK1 and IL-6 levels in each group were analyzed, and the relationship between the two and the severity and prognosis was analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.

Plasma PGK1 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the TBI group compared with the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). TBI patients were divided into mild TBI group (25 cases), moderate TBI group (22 cases), and severe TBI group (21 cases). The plasma PGK1 and IL-6 levels in the moderate TBI group were significantly higher than those in the mild TBI group, and the severe TBI group was also significantly higher than those in the moderate TBI group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Pearson linear correlation showed that the plasma PGK1 level was strongly negatively correlated with GCS score (r=-0.697); IL-6 level was strongly negatively correlated with GCS score (r=-0.633); the plasma PGK1 level was strongly negatively correlated with GOS score (r=-0.641); IL-6 level was moderately negatively correlated with GOS score (r=-0.565); the plasma PGK1 level was moderately positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.437), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Plasma PGK1 concentrations had a less predictive value of patient severity and prognosis than GCS scores, but exceeded IL-6 (AUC values of GCS, PGK1 and IL-6 were 0.965, 0.812 and 0.769, P<0.001).

The plasma PGK1 level in TBI patients is significantly correlated with the severity and prognosis of brain injury, and is positively correlated with IL-6 level in plasma. The higher the levels of PGK1 and IL-6, the worse the condition and prognosis of TBI patients.

To investigate the relationship between the growth direction of Koos grade 3 and 4 vestibular schwannoma (VS) in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) area and postoperative facial nerve function.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 55 Koos grade 3 and 4 VS patients who underwent posterior sigmoid approach resection under electrophysiological monitoring and were admitted to Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2020 to May 2022. The maximum distances A and P of the anterior and posterior parts of the internal auditory canal axis of the tumor were measured, and the P/A ratio was calculated, as well as the maximum diameter of the tumor B. The House Brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function grading scores were collected from patients in the early postoperative period (2 weeks) and in the long postoperative period (6 months). According to the H-B grading, the patients' facial nerve function was divided into good group and bad group. The relationship between the influencing factors and postoperative facial nerve function was analyzed.

Among the 55 VS patients in this group, 48 cases (87.3%) underwent total resection, of which 1 case did not dissect and preserve the facial nerve; 2 cases (3.6%) underwent subtotal resection, and 5 cases (9.1%) underwent subtotal resection. Two weeks after surgery, 32 cases (58%) had good facial nerve function and 23 cases (42%) had poor facial nerve function. Six months after surgery, 38 cases (69%) had good facial nerve function and 17 cases (31%) had poor facial nerve function. The results of multivariate analysis showed that P/A was an independent influencing factor for early and long-term facial nerve function in VS patients after surgery (P<0.05).

The growth direction of Koos grade 3 and 4 VS in CPA is an independent predictor of postoperative neurological function, and the greater the P/A ratio and the smaller the A value, the greater the probability of good postoperative facial nerve function in patients.

To investigate the risk factors of poor prognosis in elderly patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated with cerebral hernia.

The clinical data of 231 elderly patients with sTBI complicated with cerebral hernia were retrospectively analyzed, which were admitted to Neurosurgery Department of Fujian Medical University Fuzong Clinical Medical College and Neurosurgery Department of Cangshan Campus of Fujian Medical University. According to GOS score, the patients were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. The relevant factors affecting prognosis were screened out, and the independent risk factors affecting prognosis were found by binary Logistic regression analysis.

Among the 231 patients, 106 had a good prognosis and 125 had a poor prognosis. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of age, gender, admission GCS score, Chalson comorbidity index (CCI), abnormal pupil reflex, disappearance of cisterna ambiens, intraoperative encephalocele, midline shift, and blood oxygen saturation<90% (P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age >70 years old, CCI≥2 points, disappearance of the cisterna ambiens, blood oxygen saturation<90%, and intraoperative encephalocele were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.

Age>70 years old, CCI≥2 points, disappearance of the cisterna ambiens, blood oxygen saturation<90%, and intraoperative encephalocele are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly patients with sTBI complicated with cerebral hernia. Clinically, these risk factors of poor prognosis should be fully considered and effective measures should be taken to improve the prognosis in time.

To analyze the clinical effect of fully stripping vagal sheath under microscope in the treatment of epilepsy patients by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).

From October 2017 to May 2021, 160 patients with VNS who were admitted to Neurosurgery Department of Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were selected. Among them, 80 patients were only routinely stripped of the vagus nerve sheath or not stripped of the sheath with the naked eye (operation group A), and 80 patients were fully stripped of the vagus nerve sheath under the microscope (operation group B). At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of start-up after startup, the improvement of seizure, language cognitive function, and emotion in the two groups were observed under the optimal stimulus parameters.

At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after VNS surgery, the grade I improvement rate in the operation group B was significantly higher than that in the operation group A, and the overall effective rate was also higher than that in the operation group A, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After 12 months of VNS surgery, the language cognitive improvement rate and emotional improvement rate in the operation group B were higher than those in the operation group A, with statistical significance (P<0.05).

The precise surgical method of fully stripping the vagal sheath under microscope can significantly improve the seizure, language cognition and emotional changes of epilepsy patients after operation.

To analyze the curative effect of vertebral artery endarterectomy in patients with severe narrowing or occlusion of symptomatic vertebral artery initiation.

Clinical data of 33 patients with vertebral artery endarterectomy admitted to the Neurosurgery Department, Intensive Care Medicine Department, and Stroke Center of Weifang People's Hospital and Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital from October 2016 to December 2021 were collected. All patients with severe narrowing or occlusion involving the onset of the vertebral artery (transient ischemic attack or non-disabled stroke within 6 months) were treated with optimal medication (dual antiplatelet aggregation drugs combined with statin lipid-lowering drugs and risk factors) for more than 3 months. The diameter of the initial vertebral artery lumen and neurological deficits between patients before and after surgery were compared, and the incidence of postoperative complications and vascular restenosis were calculated.

The surgical success rate of 33 patients was 90.91% (30/33). Within 1 week after surgery, there were 3 cases of hoarseness (9.09%), 2 cases of Horner's syndrome (6.06%), 1 case of chylous leakage (3.03%), 1 case of bleeding (3.03%), and 1 case of acute cerebral infarction (3.03%). The initial lumen diameter of 33 patients increased significantly after surgery, and the National Institute of Health stroke scale score decreased significantly compared to preoperative, with statistical significance (P<0.05).

The treatment of severe stenosis or occlusion at the beginning of the vertebral artery with vertebral artery endarterectomy is safe and effective.