miRNAs通过NF-κB信号通路调节炎症反应影响脊髓损伤预后的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2026.01.008

脊髓损伤（SCI）是神经外科的常见疾病，目前临床治疗手段（如手术解压、高压氧治疗）存在局限性，难以突破疗效瓶颈。微小核糖核酸（miRNAs）可调控炎症反应、神经元凋亡和轴突再生，给SCI的治疗提供了新思路，现已成为目前神经外科领域研究的热点之一。但miRNAs具有个体差异性、自身及靶点多样性，通过调控炎症反应作用于SCI的具体机制尚不明确。基于此，本文主要围绕miRNAs通过核转录因子κB（NF-κB）通路调控小胶质细胞表型及SCI炎症微环境等方面展开综述，探讨不同的miRNAs作用于SCI的NF-κB信号通路及其下游靶点的研究进展，旨在为SCI的治疗策略提供新的研究思路及潜在靶点。

关键词: 微小核糖核酸, 脊髓损伤, 核转录因子κB信号通路, 小胶质细胞, 炎症反应

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease in Neurosurgery, and current clinical treatment methods (such as surgical decompression and hyperbaric oxygen therapy) have limitations, making it difficult to break through the therapeutic bottleneck. In recent years, the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) has provided new therapeutic approaches for SCI by modulating inflammatory responses, neuronal apoptosis, and axonal regeneration, making them a hotpoint in neurosurgical research. However, due to the individual variability of miRNAs and their own diversity and target diversity, the specific mechanism by which they act on SCI by regulating inflammatory responses is still unclear. Therefore this study mainly focuses on the regulation of microglial phenotype and SCI inflammatory microenvironment by miRNAs through the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, and explores the research progress of different miRNAs acting on the NF-κB signaling pathway and downstream targets of SCI, aiming to provide new research ideas and potential targets for the treatment strategy of SCI.

Key words: microRNAs, Spinal cord injury, Nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, Microglia, Inflammatory response

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Research progress of miRNAs in modulating inflammatory responses via the NF-κB pathway to implicate for spinal cord injury prognosis

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Research progress of miRNAs in modulating inflammatory responses via the NF-κB pathway to implicate for spinal cord injury prognosis