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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (04) : 243 -249. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2025.04.006

临床研究

血浆PKM2早期表达水平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血严重程度及预后的预测价值
熊俊彦1, 张化明2,()   
  1. 1430065 武汉,武汉科技大学医学院
    2430080 武汉,华润武钢总医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-05 出版日期:2025-08-15
  • 通信作者: 张化明

Predictive value of early expression level of plasma PKM2 for the severity and prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Junyan Xiong1, Huaming Zhang2,()   

  1. 1Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
    2Department of Neurosurgery, China Resources Wuhan Iron and Steel General Hospital, Wuhan 430080, China
  • Received:2024-05-05 Published:2025-08-15
  • Corresponding author: Huaming Zhang
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Health Commission(WJ2021M032)
引用本文:

熊俊彦, 张化明. 血浆PKM2早期表达水平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血严重程度及预后的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2025, 11(04): 243-249.

Junyan Xiong, Huaming Zhang. Predictive value of early expression level of plasma PKM2 for the severity and prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(04): 243-249.

目的

探讨血浆丙酮酸激酶2(PKM2)的早期表达水平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者病情严重程度及预后的预测价值。

方法

前瞻性纳入华润武钢总医院神经外科自2021年9月至2023年5月收治的95例aSAH患者作为aSAH组,选取同期入院体检的100名健康受试者作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定aSAH组患者入院后12 h的血浆PKM2水平及对照组在入院体检当日的血浆PKM2水平,收集并比较2组受试者的一般资料和血浆PKM2水平,将aSAH组分为轻型(Hunt-HessⅠ~Ⅱ级)、中型(Hunt-Hess Ⅲ级)和重型(Hunt-Hess Ⅳ级),按照手术方式将其分为开颅夹闭组和介入栓塞组,根据出院后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRs)评估aSAH患者的预后,将mRs评分>2分患者纳入预后不良组,mRS评分≤2分的患者纳入预后良好组,比较上述不同组别患者的临床资料。以血浆PKM2表达水平≥190.0 ng/L为高表达组,<190.0 ng/L为低表达组,比较不同血浆PKM2水平aSAH患者的临床资料。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血浆PKM2早期表达水平对aSAH患者预后不良的预测价值。

结果

aSAH组患者的血浆PKM2早期表达水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻型、中型和重型aSAH患者的动脉瘤最大直径、血浆PKM2表达水平、改良Fisher分级及GCS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且病情程度越重,血浆PKM2表达水平越高。开颅夹闭组与介入栓塞组患者的血浆PKM2早期表达水平和预后结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。预后良好组与预后不良组患者的高血压史、Hunt-Hess分级、GCS评分、改良Fisher分级、血浆PKM2表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PKM2高表达组与PKM2低表达组患者的Hunt-Hess分级、GCS评分及改良Fisher分级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步ROC曲线分析显示,血浆PKM2早期表达水平预测aSAH预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.846(95%CI:0.764~0.928),敏感度为80.60%,特异度为81.40%,截断值为190.0 ng/L。

结论

血浆PKM2早期表达水平与aSAH患者的病情严重程度和预后有关,对病情进展有一定的预测效能,有望成为预测aSAH患者转归的新型标志物。

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of early expression levels of plasma pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) for the severity and prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods

A total of 95 aSAH patients admitted to Neurosurgery Department of China Resources Wuhan Iron and Steel General Hospital from September 2021 to May 2023 were prospectively enrolled as aSAH group, while 100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the PKM2 levels of patients in the aSAH group 12 h after admission, as well as the PKM2 levels of the control group on the day of admission physical examination, and general data and early plasma PKM2 levels were collected and compared between the two groups. The aSAH group was further stratified by disease severity (mild: Hunt-Hess grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, moderate: Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ, severe: Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ) and surgical approach (craniotomy clipping subgroup and endovascular embolization subgroup), with their prognosis evaluated using the modified Rankin scale (mRs) at 90 d after discharge, patients with an mRs score>2 were assigned to the poor prognosis group, and those with an mRs score≤2 to the good prognosis group, and clinical data differences among these subgroups were compared. Additionally, the aSAH patients were divided into the high-expression group (plasma PKM2 level≥190.0 ng/L) and the low-expression group (plasma PKM2 level<190.0 ng/L), and the clinical data of aSAH patients with different plasma PKM2 levels were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of early plasma PKM2 levels for poor prognosis in aSAH patients.

Results

Early plasma PKM2 levels were significantly higher in the aSAH group than in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant differences in maximum diameter of aneurysms, plasma PKM2 expression levels, modified Fisher grading, and GCS scores among patients with mild, moderate, and severe aSAH (P<0.05), and the more severe the condition, the higher the plasma PKM2 expression level. In contrast, no statistically significant differences in plasma PKM2 levels or clinical outcomes were found between the different surgical groups (P>0.05). The differences in hypertension history, Hunt-Hess grading, GCS score, modified Fisher grading, and plasma PKM2 expression levels between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcome were statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences in Hunt-Hess grading, GCS score, and modified Fisher grading between patients with high PKM2 expression and those with low PKM2 expression were statistically significant (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that early plasma PKM2 levels effectively predicted unfavorable outcomes in aSAH patients, with an area under the curve of 0.846 (95%CI: 0.764-0.928), a sensitivity of 80.60%, and a specificity of 81.40% at the optimal cut-off value of 190.0 ng/L.

Conclusions

The early expression level of plasma PKM2 is related to the severity and prognosis of aSAH patients, providing certain diagnostic value for predicting disease progression and potentially serving as a new marker for predicting the outcome of aSAH patients.

表1 aSAH组和对照组的一般资料比较
Tab.1 Comparison of general data between aSAH group and the control group
表2 不同病情分级aSAH患者的临床资料比较
Tab.2 Comparison of clinical data of patients with different disease grades of aSAH
项目 轻型组(n=34) 中型组(n=32) 重型组(n=29) χ2/t/H P
性别(男/女) 19/15 23/9 19/10 1.866 0.393
年龄[岁,MP25P75)] 59.50(26.50,67.00) 60.0(56.25,67.75) 60.00(57.00,76.00) 0.879 0.664
BMI(kg/m2±s 23.96±4.50 24.53±4.33 25.43±4.06 0.918 0.403
吸烟史[例(%)] 17(50.00) 9(28.13) 8(27.59) 4.655 0.098
饮酒史[例(%)] 9(26.47) 10(31.25) 5(17.24) 1.622 0.444
糖尿病史[例(%)] 6(17.65) 3(9.38) 6(20.69) 1.602 0.449
高血压史[例(%)] 20(58.82) 18(56.25) 21(72.41) 1.732 0.421
动脉瘤最大直径[例(%)]       10.479 0.005
>5 mm 11(32.35) 14(43.75)a 21(72.41)ab    
≤5 mm 23(67.65) 18(56.25)a 8(27.58)ab    
动脉瘤位置[例(%)]       0.223 0.894
前循环 20(58.82) 17(53.13) 16(55.17)    
后循环 14(41.18) 15(46.87) 13(44.83)    
动脉瘤数量[例(%)]       0.058 0.972
单发 21(61.76) 19(59.38) 18(62.07)    
多发 13(38.24) 13(40.62) 11(37.94)    
PKM2[ng/L,MP25P75)] 124.00(107.75,138.25) 180.00(165.25,190.00)a 280.00(240.00,299.00)ab 53.632 <0.001
GCS评分[分,MP25P75)] 10.00(6.00,12.00) 9.00(6.00,10.00)a 4.00(3.00,6.00)ab 29.634 <0.001
改良Fisher分级[例(%)]       6.215 0.045
Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 20(58.82) 15(46.87)a 8(27.59)ab    
Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 14(41.18) 17(53.13)a 21(72.41)ab    
表3 不同预后aSAH患者的临床资料比较
Tab.3 Comparison of general information among patients with different prognoses of aSAH
表4 不同手术方式aSAH患者的血浆PKM2早期表达水平和预后结局比较
Tab.4 Comparison of early plasma PKM2 expression levels and prognostic outcomes in aSAH patients undergoing different surgical modalities
表5 不同血浆PKM2水平aSAH患者的临床资料比较
Tab.5 Comparison of clinical data in aSAH patients with different plasma PKM2 levels
图1 血浆PKM2早期表达水平预测aSAH患者预后不良的ROC曲线
Fig.1 ROC curve for predicting poor prognosis in aSAH patients based on early expression levels of plasma PKM2
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