To explore the relationship between the random blood glucose level and the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients with stress hyperglycemia during hospitalization.

The in-hospital medical records of 85 patients with sTBI and first-admission random blood glucose>11.1 mmol/L admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from October 2013 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into good outcome group (GOS>3 score) and poor outcome group (GOS≤3 score) according to their GOS score at discharge. The general information of two groups was compared, the multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors affecting patient prognosis, and the relationship between random blood glucose levels during hospitalization and prognosis was analyzed.

Of the 85 patients included, 67 had poor outcome and 18 had good outcome. The difference in random blood glucose levels between the two groups during hospitalization was statistically significant (P<0.05), and blood glucose>11.1 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of sTBI patients. During hospitalization, 26 patients developed concurrent infections, including 3 in the group with good outcome and 23 in the group with poor outcome, there was no statistically significant difference in infection rates between the two groups (P>0.05). Patients with random blood glucose>11.1 mmol/L had significantly higher infection rates compared to those with ≤11.1 mmol/L, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Randomized blood glucose levels during hospitalization in patients with sTBI and SH are associated with prognosis, and blood glucose levels>11.1 mmol/L are independent risk factors for the prognosis of sTBI patients.