The dual function of microglia and their regulatory mechanisms after central nervous system injury

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2016.05.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Microglia is the innate immunocyte in the central nervous system, playing an important role in neuroinflammations after brain or spinal cord injury. By providing neurotrophic factors and removing cellular debris microglia can regulate nervous repair. However, high levels of pro-inflammation and neurotoxic factors produced by microglia hinder the CNS repair, and prompt neuron incapacity and cell death. The dual nature of microglia is related to their diverse phenotypes after injury. In this review, we focus on recent researches about the phenotypes of activated microglia after brain or spinal cord injury, as well as their effects on neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, and angiogenesis. The molecular signals controlling the switch of the phenotypes are discussed. We also highlight the possible therapeutic pathways which can change the activation statements of microglia. Better understanding of mechanisms regulating microglia phenotypes may contribute to our knowledge about repair and restoration of the nervous system, and provide new therapeutic strategies.

Key words: Microglia, Nervus centralis, Trauma

Yuanyuan Dang, Hongtian Zhang, Ruxiang Xu. The dual function of microglia and their regulatory mechanisms after central nervous system injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2016, 02(05): 305-312.

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