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Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition) ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (05): 276-281. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2022.05.004

• Clinical Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Construction and evaluation of a nomogram predictive model for the risk of delayed intracranial hemorrhage after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for communicating hydrocephalus

Xiaofan Wu1, Shuyin Luo1,(), Eryan Feng1   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an 223002, China
  • Received:2022-05-23 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-11-10
  • Contact: Shuyin Luo

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the risk factors of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH) after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) for communicating hydrocephalus (CHP), to construct a nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of DICH after surgery, and the prediction effect of the model was evaluated.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted on 307 CHP patients who underwent VPS surgery in Neurosurgery Department of Huai'an Second People's Hospital from February 2016 to August 2021. They were divided into the DICH group (n=49) and the control group (n=258) according to whether DICH occurred after surgery. The basic data (including age, gender, primary disease, whether combined with underlying diseases, the history of previous craniocerebral surgery, the history of anticoagulant use, presence or absence of skull defects, etc.) and treatment information (side puncture, adjustment of the shunt valve within 1 week) were collected for single factor analysis, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of postoperative CHP, and ROC curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the nomogram model. Another 104 CHP patients who underwent VPS were selected as the validation set, and the nomogram model was externally validated.

Results

The age, the proportion of previous craniocerebral surgery history, the proportion of skull defects, and the proportion of adjustment of the shunt valve within 1 week in the DICH group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, the history of previous craniocerebral surgery, skull defect, and adjustment of the shunt valve within 1 week were the main risk factors for DICH after VPS in patients with CHP (P<0.05); ROC curve analysis results showed that the constructed nomogram prediction model of DICH after VPS in CHP patients had good discrimination [area under curve (AUC) was 0.858, 95%CI: 0.804-0.913] and accuracy (goodness of fit HL test χ2=7.831, P=0.396); Among 104 cases in the validation set, 16 cases developed DICH, with an incidence of 15.38%. The AUC in the external validation was 0.792 (95%CI: 0.729-0.855). The goodness of fit HL test of the calibration curve (χ2=8.319, P=0.351), indicating high accuracy.

Conclusion

The nomogram model based on four risk factors, including age, the history of previous craniocerebral surgery, skull defect, and adjustment of the shunt valve within 1 week, has a high predictive efficacy for the occurrence of DICH in CHP patients after VPS.

Key words: Communicating hydrocephalus, Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, Delayed intracranial hemorrhage, Nomogram prediction model

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