Roles and mechanisms of apolipoprotein E in traumatic brain injury

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2022.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), the most common brain injury disease in neurosurgery department, is characterized by high rates of morbidity and disability. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), an important type of apolipoproteins in central nervous system, plays fundamental roles in the pathophysiological processes of TBI. However, the distributions and functions differ from apoE subtypes, making it still debatable to targeting at apoE for TBI treatmennts. This article reviews the possible roles and mechanisms of different apoE subtypes in TBI, so as to provide further research in TBI treatment strategies targeting apoE.

Key words: Traumatic brain injury, Apolipoprotein E, Inflammation

Wanda Bi, Yangwuyue Liu, Shuangshuang Dai. Roles and mechanisms of apolipoprotein E in traumatic brain injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(01): 51-55.

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References 37

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项目	apoE2	apoE3	apoE4
神经元	尚不明确	为神经修复提供原材料脂质	运输脂质能力弱,不利于神经功能恢复^[9]
小胶质细胞	尚不明确	从促炎性表型转变为抗炎表型	发生更强的促炎反应并且抑制胞内抗炎信号的活化^[10]
星形胶质细胞	携带该基因的小鼠早期细胞内NF-κB的表达水平低，早期创伤性炎症反应相对较轻	携带该基因的小鼠早期细胞内NF-κB的表达水平低，早期创伤性炎症反应相对较轻	携带该基因的小鼠早期细胞内NF-κB的表达水平高，有利于维持适当的活化^[11]
T细胞	尚不明确	T细胞增殖和Th1免疫反应的抑制剂^[12]	尚不明确
清除有害物质的能力	尚不明确	（1）下调炎症介质，主要为氧自由基；（2）清除Aβ₄₀和Tau蛋白能力较强	（1）下调炎症介质能力差^[13]；（2）清除Aβ₄₀和Tau蛋白能力较弱^[14]
对BBB的影响	尚不明确	（1）降低BBB通透性并促进BBB完整性的恢复^[15]；（2）抑制NF-κB/MMP-9途径来减少内皮细胞损伤活化	（1）抑制周细胞的增殖迁移能力；（2）促进MMP-9表达水平^[16]；（3）降低紧密连接蛋白表达
对TBI后继发性AD的作用	抑制Aβ蛋白生成并促进Aβ蛋白清除^[17]	（1）对Aβ蛋白有一定的清除能力^[18]；（2）降低pTau水平	（1）Aβ蛋白的沉积增多^[19]；（2）Aβ蛋白的清除能力低^[20]；（3）Tau聚集倾向更高^[21]；（4）pTau水平显着增加^[22]

项目	apoE2	apoE3	apoE4
神经元	尚不明确	为神经修复提供原材料脂质	运输脂质能力弱,不利于神经功能恢复^[9]
小胶质细胞	尚不明确	从促炎性表型转变为抗炎表型	发生更强的促炎反应并且抑制胞内抗炎信号的活化^[10]
星形胶质细胞	携带该基因的小鼠早期细胞内NF-κB的表达水平低，早期创伤性炎症反应相对较轻	携带该基因的小鼠早期细胞内NF-κB的表达水平低，早期创伤性炎症反应相对较轻	携带该基因的小鼠早期细胞内NF-κB的表达水平高，有利于维持适当的活化^[11]
T细胞	尚不明确	T细胞增殖和Th1免疫反应的抑制剂^[12]	尚不明确
清除有害物质的能力	尚不明确	（1）下调炎症介质，主要为氧自由基；（2）清除Aβ₄₀和Tau蛋白能力较强	（1）下调炎症介质能力差^[13]；（2）清除Aβ₄₀和Tau蛋白能力较弱^[14]
对BBB的影响	尚不明确	（1）降低BBB通透性并促进BBB完整性的恢复^[15]；（2）抑制NF-κB/MMP-9途径来减少内皮细胞损伤活化	（1）抑制周细胞的增殖迁移能力；（2）促进MMP-9表达水平^[16]；（3）降低紧密连接蛋白表达
对TBI后继发性AD的作用	抑制Aβ蛋白生成并促进Aβ蛋白清除^[17]	（1）对Aβ蛋白有一定的清除能力^[18]；（2）降低pTau水平	（1）Aβ蛋白的沉积增多^[19]；（2）Aβ蛋白的清除能力低^[20]；（3）Tau聚集倾向更高^[21]；（4）pTau水平显着增加^[22]

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