To analyze the electroencephalogram (EEG) background activity and characteristic waveform of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) before and after treatment, compare the differences of EEG components in patients with different levels of consciousness and different prognosis, and explore the EEG activity patterns and characteristics of DOC patients in the sleeping period.

Six DOC patients admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of Peking University International Hospital from January to April 2020 were collected with coma recovery scale-revised score before and after treatment, and long-term video electroencephalogram monitoring was conducted more than 16 h, in which the characteristics of EEG activity, sleeping EEG cycle and composition of DOC patients were analyzed.

Patients with different levels of consciousness were likely to have occipital α rhythm. The healthy side was the dominant side, and was not inhibited when the eyes were opened. However, patients with good consciousness level were more likely to have occipital α rhythm. Patients with better prognosis were more likely to have sleep spindles.

DOC patients whether with occipital α rhythm or any characteristic of sleep EEG components have certain suggestive significance for the level of consciousness and prognosis, and the periodicity of sleep EEG needs to be investigated, which has certain reference significance for the clinical treatment rhythm regulation and sleep consciousness correlation understanding of DOC patients.