Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious threat to the health of Chinese people because of its high rate of the disability and morality. In the treatment of TBI patients, timely and effective pre-hospital treatment is the key link to reduce the disability and mortality of the TBI and improve the treatment level. The current pre-hospital treatment in China is mainly completed by "120" emergency center personnel and on-site non-professional personnel. The professional knowledge and experience reserve of pre-hospital emergency personnel for brain trauma treatment are insufficient, and the failure of TBI patients to receive timely, professional and effective treatment is one of the important reasons restricting the improvement of TBI treatment level in China. In this paper, the pre-hospital assessment, treatment and transport of the TBI patients caused by peacetime traffic injury and falling injury are summarized as follows.