目的

研究神经创伤外科住院患者的临床和流行病学特征，为制定预防干预措施提供科学依据。

方法

回顾性分析吉林大学第一医院神经创伤外科2012年1月至2014年12月住院患者的临床资料，研究项目包括患者的年龄、性别、居住地、受伤时间、受伤原因、病种、治疗方式和预后情况。

结果

在研究的患者中，以男性患者居多，男女比例为3.12:1；40～60岁年龄段患者最多为39.3%(1 664/4 232)；农村患者所占比例高于城市患者比例为1.73:1；7 月份的患者最多为10.2%(432/4 232)；患者的创伤类型所占比例最高的是脑挫裂伤或颅内血肿或颅骨骨折，为69.8%(2954/4232)；治疗方法以颅内血肿清除术、去骨瓣减压术、颅骨骨折复位术所占比例最高为47.9(758/4232)；患者受伤的主要原因是交通事故，为44.2%(1354/4232)；3年住院患者的平均死亡率是6%)；在死亡患者中有60例患者做了器官捐献。

结论

吉林省颅脑创伤的发生在性别、年龄、时间、地点的分布上有一定的规律，根据不同人群、受伤时间、原因制定相应的预防和控制措施，对降低颅脑创伤的发生可能具有积极意义。

Objective

To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of neurotrauma patients in order to provide preventive interventions.

Methods

This research was a retrospective analysis of the hospitalized patients' clinical data was from January 2012 to December 2014 in the Department of Neurotrauma surgery of the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University,including patients' age, gender, residence, time of injury, cause of injury, disease entity, treatment methods and prognosis.

Results

Male patients are the majority among the patients in the study,male to female ratio was 3.12:1. 40～60 years of age took a big part up to 39.3% (1 664/4 232). The proportion of patients in rural area were higher than in the cities with 1.73:1.Most patients were injured in July as 10.2% (432/4 232). The highest proportion of the trauma types are craniocerebral trauma,intracranial hematoma or skull fracture, takes 69.8% (2954/4232) among all cases. The common treatment methods are evacuation of intracranial hematoma, decompressive craniectomy and ruduction of skull fracture, takes 47.9% (758/4232) of all cases. The main reason of injury is traffic accident for 44.2% (4354/4232), 3 years average hospitalization mortality for patients is 6%. Only 60 dead patients willing to donate their organs.

Conclusions

There are certain rules in the distribution of gender,age, time, location in Jilin province.To develop the prevention and control measures according to the different groups of people,the time when injured,the cause of injury can play a positive role on reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injury.