爆炸性颅脑创伤（BRTBI）是一种特殊类型的颅脑外伤，具有突发性、死伤率高、社会危害性高等特点。BRTBI可引发多种类型的颅脑损伤，如蛛网膜下腔出血、脑血管痉挛、假性动脉瘤等，且可累及其他器官和组织，造成永久性的神经功能障碍甚至死亡。本文主要针对BRTBI的流行病学特点、致伤机制、病理生理学改变、临床表现、诊断及急诊处置等作一述评，以期为BRTBI的诊断和治疗提供参考。

Blast-related traumatic brain injury (BRTBI) is a special type of traumatic brain injury (TBI), characterized by suddenness, high mortality rate, and high social harm. BRTBI can cause various types of TBI, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm, pseudoaneurysm, etc. It can also affect other organs and tissues, causing permanent neurological dysfunction and even death. This article mainly reviews the epidemiological characteristics, injury mechanisms, pathophysiological changes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and emergency management of BRTBI, in order to provide some reference for the diagnosis and treatment of BRTBI.