To analyze the diagnosis and treatment status of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital in recent years, and explore the related factors affecting prognosis.

Clinical data of MS patients diagnosed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2022 to October 2024 were collected from the MSNMOBase system of the China Rare Disease Alliance. Patients with onset age ≥18 years were divided into a young group (18-44 years old) and a middle-aged and elderly group (≥45 years old). General information (including gender, ethnicity, age of first onset, disease classification), clinical manifestations and characteristics of the two groups of patients were compared, and the drug treatment status of disease modifying therapy (DMT) was statistically analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted on the activity of daily living (ADL) scores at the last follow-up to explore the factors affecting patient prognosis.

(1) General information: A total of 89 patients were included in this group, including 3 underage patients who did not participate in the grouping. There were 68 cases in the young group and 18 cases in the middle-aged and elderly group. The differences in gender, ethnicity, age of onset, disease type, initial symptoms, lesion involvement, EDSS score involvement function, and last EDSS score between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, the differences in the time from onset to diagnosis, first onset EDSS score, and last follow-up ADL score were statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) DMT drug treatment status: The median time from diagnosis to receiving DMT drug treatment is 1 month; 55 cases received intermediate efficacy DMT medication for the first time, of which 43 cases relapsed, with a median recurrence time of 24 months; 25 cases received high-efficiency DMT medication for the first time, of which 4 cases relapsed, with short recurrence intervals. (3) Correlation analysis of last follow-up ADL score: Univariate linear regression analysis showed that the last follow-up ADL score was correlated with age of onset, first onset EDSS score, last follow-up EDSS score, initial symptoms, diagnosis time, and choice of DMT medication; Further multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was a correlation between the initial onset EDSS score, last follow-up EDSS score, and diagnosis time with the last follow-up ADL score.

(1) The differences in the disease characteristics of MS patients of different ages are mainly reflected in the duration from onset to diagnosis, the first EDSS score, and the ADL score at the last follow-up; (2) The ADL score at the last follow-up is highly correlated with the length of time from onset to diagnosis and the severity of symptoms at the first onset.