Skull defects remaining after decompressive craniectomy can lead to a lack of protection for brain tissue, disruption of cranial cavity integrity, resulting in limited recovery of neurological function, as well as affecting patients' appearance and psychological health. However, skull defect repair involves multiple factors such as scalp healing, bone resorption, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid dynamics changes, and the need for neurological functional compensation. The timing of repair, material selection, and surgical strategies remain controversial. Based on evidence-based medical evidence and the experience of multidisciplinary experts, the China Expert Consensus Collaboration Group on Cranioplasty organized domestic experts. Through literature analysis and expert experience integration, and using the Delphi method, this consensus was developed to provide standardized guidance for cranioplasty.