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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 86 -91. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2026.02.004

临床研究

基底节脑出血患者术后形成下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素分析
严友杰1, 王武昌2, 李方宝2, 魏民2, 张恒柱2, 王晓东2,()   
  1. 1225009 扬州,扬州大学医学院
    2225000 扬州,扬州大学附属苏北人民医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2026-04-15
  • 通信作者: 王晓东

Analysis of risk factors for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis formation in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage after surgery

Youjie Yan1, Wuchang Wang2, Fangbao Li2, Min Wei2, Hengzhu Zhang2, Xiaodong Wang2,()   

  1. 1School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
    2Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
  • Received:2024-12-12 Published:2026-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Xiaodong Wang
  • Supported by:
    Key R&D Projects of Yangzhou Science and Technology Bureau(YZ2024099)
引用本文:

严友杰, 王武昌, 李方宝, 魏民, 张恒柱, 王晓东. 基底节脑出血患者术后形成下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2026, 12(02): 86-91.

Youjie Yan, Wuchang Wang, Fangbao Li, Min Wei, Hengzhu Zhang, Xiaodong Wang. Analysis of risk factors for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis formation in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage after surgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(02): 86-91.

目的

分析基底节脑出血(BGH)患者术后形成下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析扬州大学附属苏北人民医院神经外科自2020年5月至2023年12月行手术治疗的BGH患者的临床资料,根据术后下肢是否形成DVT将患者分为DVT组和非DVT组。比较2组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选BGH患者术后形成下肢DVT的危险因素。

结果

共纳入300例BGH患者,其中DVT组72例,非DVT组228例。2组患者的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、术前脉压、术中输血、手术季节、术后使用脱水药物、静脉置管部位、静脉置管时间、术前活化部分凝血酶原时间、术前D-二聚体水平、术前血氯水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥65岁、BMI、手术季节(春冬季)、术后使用激素、静脉置管时间>3 d、术前D-二聚体>2 μg/mL、术前血氯>107 mmol/L是BGH患者术后形成下肢DVT的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

BGH患者术后形成下肢DVT的独立危险因素包括年龄≥65岁、BMI、手术季节(春冬季)、术后使用激素、静脉置管时间>3 d、术前D-二聚体>2 μg/mL、术前血氯>107 mmol/L。临床应采取针对性的早期识别与治疗措施,以降低DVT发生率,改善患者的预后。

Objective

To analyze the risk factors for postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH).

Methods

The clinical data of patients with basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage who were treated surgically between May 2020 and December 2023 in the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into DVT group and non-DVT group according to whether DVT was formed in the lower limbs after surgery. The clinical data of the 2 groups were compared, and the risk factors for postoperative lower limb DVT in BGH patients were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 300 BGH patients were included in this group, including 72 cases in the DVT group and 228 cases in the non-DVT group. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative pulse pressure, intraoperative blood transfusion, surgical season, postoperative use of dehydrating drugs, site of venous catheterization, duration of venous catheterization, preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, preoperative D-dimer levels, and preoperative blood chloride levels between the two groups of patients. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥65 years, BMI, surgical season (spring and winter), postoperative hormone use, intravenous catheterization time>3 d, preoperative D-dimer>2 μg/mL, and preoperative blood chloride>107 mmol/L were independent risk factors for lower limb DVT in BGH patients after surgery (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The independent risk factors for postoperative lower limb DVT in BGH patients include age≥65 years, BMI, surgical season (spring and winter), postoperative hormone use, intravenous catheterization time>3 d, preoperative D-dimer>2 μg/mL, and preoperative blood chloride>107 mmol/L. Clinical measures should be taken for early identification and treatment to reduce the incidence of DVT and improve the prognosis of patients.

表1 2组BGH患者临床资料比较
Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between two groups of BGH patients
项目 DVT组(n=72) 非DVT组(n=228) χ2/t/Z P 项目 DVT组(n=72) 非DVT组(n=228) χ2/t/Z P
性别[例(%)]     2.284 0.131 静脉置管部位[例(%)]     3.169 0.025
44(61.11) 161(70.61)     未置管 8(11.11) 50(21.93)    
28(38.89) 67(29.39)     中心静脉 4(5.56) 23(10.09)    
年龄[例(%)]     13.081 0.004 外周静脉 60(83.33) 155(67.98)    
≥65岁 29(40.28) 44(19.30)     左股静脉 24(40.00) 44(28.39)    
<65岁 43(59.72) 184(80.70)     右股静脉 36(60.00) 111(71.61)    
BMI(kg/m2±s 25.25±3.67 24.15±3.68 2.216 0.027 静脉置管时间[例(%)]     15.282 0.001
术前脉压(mmHg,±s 80.00±17.00 75.00±18.00 2.156 0.032 ≤3 d 28(38.89) 148(64.91)    
高血压病史[例(%)] 54(75.00) 161(70.61) 0.518 0.472 >3 d 44(61.11) 80(35.09)    
糖尿病病史[例(%)] 9(12.50) 21(9.21) 0.658 0.417 血肿位置[例(%)]     0.124 0.725
房颤病史[例(%)] 5(6.94) 7(3.07) 1.249 0.264 尾状核 28(38.89) 94(41.23)    
吸烟史[例(%)] 21(29.17) 44(19.30) 3.140 0.760 壳核 44(61.11) 134(58.77)    
抗凝药物使用史[例(%)] 6(8.33) 12(5.26) 0.451 0.502 血肿侧别[例(%)]     1.291 0.256
GCS评分[例(%)]     2.784 0.095 39(54.17) 106(46.49)    
≥9分 32(44.44) 101(44.30)     33(45.83) 122(53.51)    
<9分 40(55.56) 127(55.70)     血肿大小[mL,MP25P75)] 51.13(38.77,69.72) 45.94(36.39,66.81) 1.167 0.243
Caprini评分(分,±s 8.90±2.95 8.50±2.87 1.248 0.213 术后再出血[例(%)] 5(6.94) 7(3.07) 1.249 0.264
手术方式[例(%)]     0.859 0.354 Hb(g/L,±s 127.19±22.74 130.86±22.35 1.207 0.228
开颅 59(81.94) 175(76.75)     PLT(g/L,±s 173.21±71.46 174.12±69.27 0.096 0.923
微创 13(18.06) 53(23.25)     APTT[s,MP25P75)] 26.25(24.50,30.78) 27.40(25.40,33.18) 2.500 0.012
微创时长[min,MP25P75)] 50(50,80) 60(50,95) 0.869 0.385 PT[s,MP25P75)] 12.95(11.63,13.80) 12.52(11.70,13.70) 0.430 0.667
开颅时长(min,±s 171.42±37.31 175.5±46.88 0.509 0.611 FBG[g/L,MP25P75)] 2.72(1.62,3.73) 2.85(2.24,3.55) 0.217 0.828
术中输血[例(%)] 4(5.56) 2(0.88)   0.031 术前D-二聚体[例(%)]     4.297 0.038
手术季节[例(%)]     5.301 0.021 ≤2 μg/mL 54(75.00) 195(85.53)    
春冬季 52(72.22) 130(57.02)     >2 μg/mL 18(25.00) 33(14.47)    
夏秋季 20(27.78) 98(42.98)     术前血氯[例(%)]     21.784 <0.001
术后使用脱水药物[例(%)]   8.995 <0.001 ≤107 mmol/L 34(47.22) 174(76.32)    
甘露醇 49(68.06) 191(83.77)     >107 mmol/L 38(52.78) 54(23.68)    
利尿剂 14(19.44) 33(14.47)              
激素 9(12.50) 4(1.75)              
表2 BGH患者术后形成下肢DVT的多因素Logistic回归分析
Tab.2 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of postoperative lower limb DVT in BGH patients
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