TSPO对脑缺血再灌注损伤及自噬的影响

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2025.03.002

目的

探讨脑缺血再灌注（IR）损伤中转位蛋白（TSPO）的作用及与自噬-溶酶体途径相关作用机制。

方法

48只雄性SD成年大鼠按照随机数字表法分为Sham组、IR组、IR+PK11195组及IR+氯喹（CQ）组，每组12只。Sham组为手术对照组，IR组采用大脑中动脉阻塞法建立大鼠IR损伤模型，IR+PK11195组在IR前进行PK11195处理，IR+CQ组在IR前进行CQ处理。采用Longa分制法评估IR后24 h的神经功能；TTC染色观察脑梗死面积；HE染色观察脑组织变形和坏死情况；TUNEL染色观察细胞凋亡情况；免疫组织化学法检测CD86和CD206；酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒检测白介素（IL）-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在血清中的含量；Western blot实验检测TSPO、Beclin 1、LC3B、p62、LAMP1、Cathepsin B及Cathepsin D的蛋白表达水平。

结果

IR+PK11195组的Longa评分低于IR组和IR+CQ组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TTC染色结果显示，IR+PK11195组和IR+CQ组的脑梗死面积均小于IR组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。HE染色结果显示，与IR组比较，IR+PK11195组脑组织神经元细胞肿胀及变性、坏死程度稍减轻，IR+CQ组脑组织排列紊乱，神经元细胞肿胀及变性、坏死程度加重，间质炎细胞浸润增多。TUNEL染色结果显示，IR+PK11195组的凋亡率较IR组明显下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），IR+CQ组的凋亡率较IR组稍有升高，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。免疫组织化学染色结果显示，4组大鼠脑组织的CD86、CD206蛋白表达比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。ELISA结果显示，IR组IL-6、TNF-α较Sham组升高，IL-10降低；与IR组比较，IR+PK11195组IL-6、TNF-α降低，而IR+CQ组升高；IR+PK11195组中IL-10升高，而IR+CQ组降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Western blot实验结果显示，与IR组比较，IR+PK11195组TSPO、LC3B、Beclin 1等自噬小体相关蛋白表达水平降低，而IR+CQ组升高；p62、Cathepsin D、Cathepsin B、LAMP1等溶酶体相关蛋白表达升高，而IR+CQ组降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

结论

TSPO在大鼠IR模型中表达升高并加重损伤，损伤机制可能与小胶质细胞介导的炎症反应和自噬-溶酶体途径障碍相关。

关键词: 脑缺血再灌注损伤, 转位蛋白, 自噬-溶酶体, PK11195, 氯喹

Objective

To explore the role of translocation protein (TSPO) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and its mechanism related to autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Methods

Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into Sham group, IR group, IR+PK11195 group, and IR+chloroquine (CQ) group, with 12 rats in each group. The IR group used the middle cerebral artery occlusion method to establish a rat model of IR injury. The IR+PK11195 group was treated with PK11195 before IR, the IR+CQ group was treated with CQ before IR, and the Sham group was used as the surgical control group. Neurological function was assessed with Longa scoring 24 h after IR. Infarct areas were visualized through TTC staining, tissue deformation and necrosis observed via HE staining, apoptosis detected using TUNEL staining, CD86 and CD206 identified by immunohistochemistry, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) measured in ELISA assays, and protein expression levels of TSPO, Beclin 1, LC3B, p62, LAMP1, Cathepsin B, and Cathepsin D analyzed by Western blot.

Results

The Longa score of the IR+PK11195 group was lower than that of the IR group, while the Longa score of the IR+CQ group was higher than that of the IR+PK11195 group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). TTC staining results showed that the infarct area of the IR+PK11195 group and the IR+CQ group were smaller than that of the IR group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). HE staining results showed that compared with the IR group, the IR+PK11195 group had slightly reduced swelling, degeneration, and necrosis of neuronal cells in brain tissue, while the IR+CQ group had disordered brain tissue arrangement, increased swelling, degeneration, and necrosis of neuronal cells, and increased infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells. TUNEL staining results showed that the apoptosis rate of the IR+PK11195 group was significantly lower than that of the IR group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The apoptosis rate of the IR+CQ group was slightly higher than that of the IR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The immunohistochemical staining results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of CD86 and CD206 proteins in the brain tissues of the four groups of rats (P>0.05). ELISA results showed that IL-6 and TNF-α in the IR group were higher than those in the Sham group, while IL-10 was lower; The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the IR+PK11195 group were lower than those in the IR group, while they were higher in the IR+CQ group; The anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 increased in the IR+PK11195 group compared to the IR group, while it decreased in the IR+CQ group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Western blot experiment results showed that the expression of autophagosome related proteins such as TSPO, LC3B, Beclin 1, etc. was reduced in the IR+PK11195 group compared to the IR group, while it was increased in the IR+CQ group compared to the IR group; The expression of lysosome related proteins such as p62, Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, LAMP1 increased, while the IR+CQ group decreased compared to the IR group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions

In the rat cerebral IR model, TSPO expression increased and aggravated the injury, and the injury mechanism may be related to microglia-mediated inflammatory response and autophagy-lysosome pathway disorder.

Key words: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, Translocator protein, Autophagy-lysosome, PK11195, Chloroquine

图1 4组大鼠缺血再灌注损伤后脑组织TTC染色结果

Fig.1 TTC staining results of brain tissue after ischemia-reperfusion injury in 4 groups of rats

表1 4组大鼠IR损伤后Longa评分及梗死面积占比比较（

±s）

Tab.1 Comparison of Longa score and infarct size ratio after IR injury in 4 groups of rats (Mean±SD)

组别	只数	Longa评分（分）	梗死面积占比（%）
Sham组	6	0	0
IR组	6	3.17±0.39^a	26.19±0.54^a
IR+PK11195组	6	1.75±0.45^ab	19.30±4.24^ab
IR+CQ组	6	2.83±0.39^ac	21.18±4.75^ab
F值		99.410	52.780
P值		<0.001	<0.001

表1 4组大鼠IR损伤后Longa评分及梗死面积占比比较（

±s）

Tab.1 Comparison of Longa score and infarct size ratio after IR injury in 4 groups of rats (Mean±SD)

组别	只数	Longa评分（分）	梗死面积占比（%）
Sham组	6	0	0
IR组	6	3.17±0.39^a	26.19±0.54^a
IR+PK11195组	6	1.75±0.45^ab	19.30±4.24^ab
IR+CQ组	6	2.83±0.39^ac	21.18±4.75^ab
F值		99.410	52.780
P值		<0.001	<0.001

图2 4组大鼠脑组织坏死的HE染色结果（×200）A：Sham组；B：IR组；C：IR+PK11195组；D：IR+CQ组

Fig.2 HE staining results of brain tissue necrosis in 4 groups of rats (×200)

图3 4组大鼠脑细胞凋亡的TUNEL染色结果（×200）A：Sham组；B：IR组；C：IR+PK11195组；D：IR+CQ组

Fig.3 TUNEL staining results of apoptosis of brain cells in 4 groups of rats (×200)

表2 4组大鼠细胞凋亡率比较（

±s）

Tab.2 Comparison of apoptosis rates in 4 groups of rats (Mean±SD)

组别	只数	凋亡率（%）
Sham组	6	18.83±2.67
IR组	6	45.50±3.58^a
IR+PK11195组	6	24.87±6.73^b
IR+CQ组	6	50.73±4.65^ac
F值		68.790
P值		<0.001

表2 4组大鼠细胞凋亡率比较（

±s）

Tab.2 Comparison of apoptosis rates in 4 groups of rats (Mean±SD)

组别	只数	凋亡率（%）
Sham组	6	18.83±2.67
IR组	6	45.50±3.58^a
IR+PK11195组	6	24.87±6.73^b
IR+CQ组	6	50.73±4.65^ac
F值		68.790
P值		<0.001

图4 4组大鼠脑组织中小胶质细胞标志因子的免疫组织化学染色结果（×200）A：CD206；B：CD86

Fig.4 Immunohistochemical staining results of microglia marker factors in brain tissue of 4 groups of rats (×200)

表3 4组大鼠脑组织中CD206与CD86蛋白表达水平比较（

±s）

Tab.3 Comparison of CD206 and CD86 protein expression levels in brain tissues of 4 groups of rats (Mean±SD)

组别	只数	CD206	CD86
Sham组	6	11.50±1.23	11.50±1.23
IR组	6	11.50±1.23	12.00±0.00
IR+PK11195组	6	11.40±1.34	11.40±1.34
IR+CQ组	6	10.50±2.51	12.00±0.00
F值		0.497	0.747
P值		0.689	0.537

表3 4组大鼠脑组织中CD206与CD86蛋白表达水平比较（

±s）

Tab.3 Comparison of CD206 and CD86 protein expression levels in brain tissues of 4 groups of rats (Mean±SD)

组别	只数	CD206	CD86
Sham组	6	11.50±1.23	11.50±1.23
IR组	6	11.50±1.23	12.00±0.00
IR+PK11195组	6	11.40±1.34	11.40±1.34
IR+CQ组	6	10.50±2.51	12.00±0.00
F值		0.497	0.747
P值		0.689	0.537

表4 4组大鼠脑组织中炎症因子含量比较[pg/mL，M（P₂₅，P₇₅）]

Tab.4 Comparison of inflammatory factor content in brain tissue of 4 groups of rats [pg/mL, M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

组别	只数	IL-6	IL-10	TNF-α
Sham组	6	37.82（19.43，58.22）	326.65（265.41，402.37）	6.83（2.97，10.71）
IR组	6	93.54（80.78，96.07）^a	202.20（154.79，261.46）^a	16.96（12.84，21.50）^a
IR+PK11195组	6	47.39（25.29，60.86）^b	349.03（271.99，399.74）^b	6.24（4.30，12.56）^b
IR+CQ组	6	119.07（106.16，148.39）^abc	81.70（75.77，94.21）^abc	28.30（19.12，31.92）^abc
F值		15.093	14.420	12.911
P值		0.002	0.002	0.005

表4 4组大鼠脑组织中炎症因子含量比较[pg/mL，M（P₂₅，P₇₅）]

Tab.4 Comparison of inflammatory factor content in brain tissue of 4 groups of rats [pg/mL, M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

组别	只数	IL-6	IL-10	TNF-α
Sham组	6	37.82（19.43，58.22）	326.65（265.41，402.37）	6.83（2.97，10.71）
IR组	6	93.54（80.78，96.07）^a	202.20（154.79，261.46）^a	16.96（12.84，21.50）^a
IR+PK11195组	6	47.39（25.29，60.86）^b	349.03（271.99，399.74）^b	6.24（4.30，12.56）^b
IR+CQ组	6	119.07（106.16，148.39）^abc	81.70（75.77，94.21）^abc	28.30（19.12，31.92）^abc
F值		15.093	14.420	12.911
P值		0.002	0.002	0.005

图5 4组大鼠脑组织中自噬溶酶体途径相关蛋白的表达水平A：Western blot电泳条带图；B：TSPO蛋白相对表达量；C：LC3B蛋白相对表达量；D：p62蛋白相对表达量；E：Beclin 1蛋白相对表达量；F：Cathepsin D蛋白相对表达量；G：LAMP1蛋白相对表达量；H：Cathepsin B蛋白相对表达量；与Sham组比较，^aP<0.05；与IR组比较，^bP<0.05；与IR+PK11195组比较，^cP<0.05；TSPO：转位蛋白；IR：缺血再灌注；CQ：氯喹

Fig.5 Expression levels of autophagy-lysosomal pathway-related proteins in in brain tissues of 4 groups of rats

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Effects of TSPO on injury and autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model

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Effects of TSPO on injury and autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model