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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (05) : 287 -292. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2022.05.006

临床研究

颅脑创伤患者术后再次开颅清除对侧血肿的影响因素分析
傅世龙1, 王国锋1, 侯鹏伟2, 袁邦清2, 魏梁锋2, 王守森2,()   
  1. 1. 351100 莆田市第一医院神经外科
    2. 350025 福州,联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2022-10-15
  • 通信作者: 王守森

Influencing factors for a second craniotomy to remove contralateral hematoma in patients with traumatic brain injury

Shilong Fu1, Guofeng Wang1, Pengwei Hou2, Bangqing Yuan2, Liangfeng Wei2, Shousen Wang2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Putian City, Putian 351100, China
    2. Department of Neurosurgery, 900 Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou 350025, China
  • Received:2022-07-04 Published:2022-10-15
  • Corresponding author: Shousen Wang
引用本文:

傅世龙, 王国锋, 侯鹏伟, 袁邦清, 魏梁锋, 王守森. 颅脑创伤患者术后再次开颅清除对侧血肿的影响因素分析[J]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2022, 08(05): 287-292.

Shilong Fu, Guofeng Wang, Pengwei Hou, Bangqing Yuan, Liangfeng Wei, Shousen Wang. Influencing factors for a second craniotomy to remove contralateral hematoma in patients with traumatic brain injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(05): 287-292.

目的

分析创伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者单侧开颅术后非计划性再次开颅清除对侧颅内血肿的危险因素。

方法

选取莆田市第一医院和联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院神经外科自2016年2月至2021年12月收治的初始手术为单侧开颅的TBI患者203例,根据是否为非计划性再次开颅清除对侧颅内血肿,将患者分为单次开颅手术组(182例)和再次开颅手术组(21例)。比较2组患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析明确对侧再次开颅手术的独立危险因素。

结果

单因素分析结果显示,与单次开颅手术组比较,再次开颅手术组患者术前有对侧颅脑损伤CT征象(原始颅内血肿、颅骨骨折、脑挫裂伤)、初始手术中行去骨瓣减压术者所占比例更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示对侧颅脑损伤CT征象(OR=13.043,95%CI:1.699~100.156,P=0.014)是导致再次开颅行对侧血肿清除术的独立危险因素。

结论

TBI患者单侧开颅术后,对侧常因迟发性或扩大的颅内血肿而被迫再次开颅手术,对侧存在颅脑损伤CT征象是导致对侧再次开颅的高危因素。

Objective

To investigate the risk factors for an unplanned second craniotomy to remove contralateral intracranial hematoma in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

The clinical data of 203 patients with TBI after their initial unilateral craniotomy admitted to Neurosurgery Department of First Hospital of Putian City and 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of People's Liberation Army from February 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether it was an unplanned second craniotomy to remove the contralateral intracranial hematoma, the patients were divided into craniotomy once group (n=182) and craniotomy twice group (n=21). The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the independent risk factors for a contralateral second craniotomy were identified using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that compared with craniotomy once group, the proportion of patients who had CT sign of a preoperative contralateral craniocerebral injury (original intracranial hematoma, skull fracture, and/or cerebral contusion) and underwent decompressive craniectomy in the initial operation was higher in craniotomy twice group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CT sign of a contralateral craniocerebral injury (OR=13.043, 95%CI: 1.699-100.156, P=0.014) was an independent risk factor for a second craniotomy to remove the contralateral intracranial hematoma.

Conclusion

The causes of a contralateral second craniotomy in patients with TBI after their initial unilateral craniotomy mainly involves delayed or enlarged intracranial hematoma. CT sign of contralateral craniocerebral injury is a high-risk factor for a contralateral second craniotomy.

表1 再次开颅行对侧血肿清除术患者的临床及影像学资料
患者编号 性别 年龄(岁) 受伤机制 入院时GCS评分(分) 术前脑疝 术前凝血功能障碍 对侧颅脑损伤CT征象 第1次手术原因及手术方式 对侧第2次手术原因及手术方式 出院时GOS评分(分)
1 16 车祸 7 右侧额颞顶枕部SDH,血肿清除+DC EDH扩大,血肿清除 2
2 41 车祸 7 左侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除 迟发性EDH,血肿清除 2
3 50 车祸 12 右侧颞顶部EDH,血肿清除 迟发性脑内血肿,血肿清除 3
4 22 高处坠落 5 左侧额颞顶部SDH、脑挫裂伤,血肿及脑挫裂伤清除+DC 迟发性EDH,血肿清除 2
5 38 车祸 6 左侧额颞部SDH、脑挫裂伤并脑内血肿,血肿及脑挫裂伤清除+DC 迟发性EDH,血肿清除 2
6 72 车祸 10 右侧额颞顶部SDH、脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC 迟发性脑内血肿并破入脑室,血肿清除 2
7 53 高处坠落 10 左侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除+DC 迟发性EDH,血肿清除 3
8 67 摔伤 7 右侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除+DC 迟发性脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC 2
9 28 车祸 6 右侧颞顶部EDH,血肿清除 迟发性脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC 3
10 25 车祸 7 左侧颞顶部SDH及脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC EDH扩大,血肿清除 3
11 41 高处坠落 9 右侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除+DC EDH扩大,血肿清除 3
12 47 车祸 7 左侧颞顶部EDH,血肿清除 脑内血肿扩大,血肿清除+DC 2
13 64 车祸 8 右侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除+DC SDH扩大、迟发性脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC 2
14 34 车祸 3 右侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除+DC 迟发性EDH及脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC 2
15 33 摔伤 7 左侧顶部EDH,血肿清除 迟发性EDH,血肿清除 3
16 57 车祸 6 右枕部EDH,血肿清除 迟发性脑内血肿,血肿清除+DC+ICP探头置入 2
17 37 高处坠落 9 左侧额颞顶部SDH,血肿清除+DC+ICP探头置入 枕部迟发性SDH及EDH,血肿清除 2
18 44 高处坠落 14 左侧额叶挫裂伤并脑内血肿,血肿及脑挫裂伤清除 脑内血肿扩大,血肿清除+DC 3
19 70 摔伤 12 左侧额颞部SDH、左侧额叶血肿,血肿清除+DC+ICP探头置入 迟发性脑内血肿,血肿清除 3
20 29 击打伤 3 右侧额颞顶部SDH、脑挫裂伤,血肿及脑挫裂伤清除+DC 迟发性脑内血肿及SDH,血肿清除 2
21 63 车祸 8 右侧额颞顶部SDH、脑挫裂伤,血肿及脑挫裂伤清除+DC 迟发性EDH,血肿清除 2
表2 再次开颅行对侧血肿清除术的单因素分析[例(%)]
表3 再次开颅行对侧血肿清除术的多因素Logistic回归分析
图2 对侧迟发性血肿再次手术的患者术前术后的颅脑CT图片
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