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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (06) : 345 -349. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2021.06.005

临床研究

脑室-腹腔分流术后感染的影响因素分析及手术操作改良
柏瑞1, 赵丽娜2, 陈毅1, 马宁1,()   
  1. 1. 030001 太原,山西医科大学第一医院神经外科
    2. 100021 北京,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院分子肿瘤学国家重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-05 出版日期:2021-12-15
  • 通信作者: 马宁
  • 基金资助:
    十二五国家科技支撑计划合作课题(2011BA108B06)

Analysis of influencing factors of postoperative infection after ventricular-peritoneal shuntand improvement of surgical operation

Rui Bai1, Lina Zhao2, Yi Chen1, Ning Ma1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 03001, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2021-02-05 Published:2021-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Ning Ma
引用本文:

柏瑞, 赵丽娜, 陈毅, 马宁. 脑室-腹腔分流术后感染的影响因素分析及手术操作改良[J]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2021, 07(06): 345-349.

Rui Bai, Lina Zhao, Yi Chen, Ning Ma. Analysis of influencing factors of postoperative infection after ventricular-peritoneal shuntand improvement of surgical operation[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 07(06): 345-349.

目的

分析脑室-腹腔分流术(VPS)术后并发感染的独立影响因素,探索改良VPS对于降低术后感染率的有效性。

方法

选取山西医科大学第一医院神经外科自2015年5月至2020年5月收治的138例行VPS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否采用改良术式分为常规手术组和改良手术组,根据患者术后是否发生感染将其分为感染组和未感染组,分析术后感染发生的独立影响因素。

结果

本研究138例患者中,常规手术组65例,改良手术组73例,改良手术组术后并发颅内感染率低于常规手术组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.683,P=0.030);感染组10例(7.24%),未感染组128例(92.75%),单因素分析结果显示,未感染组术前白蛋白水平、带涂层引流管使用率、改良术式应用率均高于感染组,手术时间短于感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归性分析显示,术前、术后白蛋白水平、手术时间、是否应用涂层分流管、是否应用改良术式是VPS术后感染的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

患者围术期白蛋白水平、手术时间、应用涂层分流管、改良术式的应用与术后感染具有一定的关联性,可通过改善患者围术期营养状态、缩短手术时间、改进分流管及手术方式降低术后感染发生率。

Objective

To analyze the independent influencing factors of infection after ventricular-peritoneal shunt (VPS) and to explore the effectiveness of modified VPS in reducing the postoperative infection rate.

Methods

The clinical data of 138 patients with VPS admitted to Neurosurgery Department of First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2015 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into conventional operation group and modified operation group based on whether the modified operation was used surgical procedures, and they were divided into infected group and uninfected group based on whether postoperative infection occurred. The independent influencing factors of postoperative infection were analyzed.

Resusts

Among 138 patients, there were 65 cases in conventional operation group, 73 cases in modified operation group, the postoperative intracranial infection rate in the modified operation group was lower than that in the conventional operation group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.683, P=0.030). 10 cases were infected and 128 cases were uninfected. The results of univariate analysis of the two groups showed that the preoperative albumin level, the use rate of coated drainage tube and the application rate of modified operation in the uninfected group were higher than those in the infected group, the operation time in the uninfected group was less than that in the infected group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative and postoperative albumin level, operation time, whether to use coated shunt tube and whether to use modified operation were independent influencing factors of infection after VPS (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The occurrence of infection after VPS was related to preoperation albumin level, time of operation, hydrophilic coating catheter and modified operation. The incidence of postoperative infection can be reduced by improving the perioperative nutritional status, shortening the operation time, improving the shunt tube and the operation method.

表1 2组患者的临床资料比较[例(%)]
因素 常规手术组(n=65) 改良手术组(n=73) χ2 P
年龄(岁)     0.276 0.599
  ≤60 42(64.62) 44(60.27)    
  >60 23(35.38) 29(39.73)    
性别     0.108 0.743
  男性 41(63.08) 48(65.75)    
  女性 24(36.93) 25(34.25)    
BMI(kg/m2     0.108 0.743
  ≤24 41(63.08) 48(65.75)    
  >24 24(36.93) 25(34.25)    
高血压 26(40.00) 27(36.99) 0.132 0.716
糖尿病 7(10.77) 9(12.33) 0.082 0.775
其他并发症 2(3.08) 0(0) 2.280 0.131
脑积水病因     7.788 0.254
  先天 12(18.46) 12(16.44)    
  脑外伤 21(32.31) 14(19.18)    
  肿瘤 7(10.77) 18(24.66)    
  蛛网膜下腔出血 13(20.00) 11(15.07)    
  脑出血 9(13.85) 11(15.07)    
  感染 1(1.54) 2(2.74)    
  其他 2(3.08) 5(6.85)    
术前住院天数(d)     1.379 0.240
  ≤7 30(46.15) 41(56.16)    
  >7 35(53.85) 32(43.84)    
日常生活能力评分(分)     0.145 0.703
  ≤85 55(84.62) 60(82.19)    
  >85 10(15.38) 13(17.81)    
预防性使用抗生素     1.350 0.509
  其他 13(20.00) 19(26.03)    
  头孢二代 21(32.31) 26(35.62)    
  头孢三代 31(47.69) 28(38.36)    
手术时间(min)     0.025 0.873
  ≤135 41(63.08) 47(64.38)    
  >135 24(36.93) 26(35.62)    
手术出血量(mL)     1.886 0.170
  ≤60 62(95.38) 65(89.04)    
  >60 3(4.62) 8(10.96)    
同期颅骨修补 3(4.62) 5(6.85) 0.314 0.575
亲水涂层分流管     13.649 <0.001
  39(60.00) 21(28.77)    
  26(40.00) 52(71.23)    
脑室外引流 1(1.54) 4(5.48) 1.529 0.216
感染 8(12.31) 2(2.74) 4.683 0.030
表2 影响VPS术后感染的单因素分析[例(%)]
因素 未感染组(n=128) 感染组(n=10) χ2 P
年龄(岁)     0.271 0.603
  ≤60 79(61.72) 7(70.00)    
  >60 49(38.28) 3(30.00)    
性别     1.132 0.287
  男性 81(63.28) 8(80.00)    
  女性 47(36.72) 2(20.00)    
BMI(kg/m2     0.143 0.706
  ≤24 82(64.06) 7(70.00)    
  >24 46(35.94) 3(30.00)    
高血压 50(39.06) 3(30.00) 1.414 0.570
糖尿病 16(12.50) 0(0.00) 1.414 0.234
其他并发症 2(1.56) 0(0.00) 0.159 0.601
术前气管切开 7(5.47) 1(10.00) 0.349 0.555
脑积水病因     4.600 0.596
  先天 22(17.19) 2(20.00)    
  脑外伤 31(24.22) 4(40.00)    
  肿瘤 22(17.19) 3(30.00)    
  蛛网膜下腔出血 24(18.75) 0(0.00)    
  脑出血 19(14.84) 1(10.00)    
  感染 3(2.34) 0(0.00)    
  其他 7(5.47) 0(0.00)    
术前住院天数(d)     0.566 0.452
  ≤7 67(52.34) 4(40.00)    
  >7 61(47.66) 6(60.00)    
日常生活能力评分(分)     0.086 0.769
  ≤85 107(83.59) 8(80.00)    
  >85 21(16.41) 2(20.00)    
预防性抗生素使用     1.776 0.411
  其他 28(21.88) 4(40.00)    
  头孢二代 44(34.38) 3(30.00)    
  头孢三代 56(43.75) 3(30.00)    
术前白蛋白(g/L)     6.380 0.012
  ≤38.9 50(39.06) 8(80.00)    
  >38.9 78(60.94) 2(20.00)    
术后白蛋白(g/L)     3.950 0.047
  ≤38.4 91(71.09) 10(100.00)    
  >38.4 37(28.91) 0(0.00)    
手术时间(min)     5.321 0.021
  ≤135 85(66.41) 3(30.00)    
  >135 43(33.59) 7(70.00)    
手术出血量(mL)     0.061 0.806
  ≤60 118(92.19) 9(90.00)    
  >60 10(7.81) 1(10.00)    
同期颅骨修补 8(6.25) 0(0.00) 0.663 0.415
亲水涂层分流管     9.495 0.002
  51(39.84) 9(90.00)    
  77(60.16) 1(10.00)    
手术方式     4.683 0.030
  传统 57(44.53) 8(80.00)    
  改良 71(55.47) 2(20.00)    
脑室外引流 5(3.91) 0(0.00) 0.405 0.524
表3 影响VPS术后并发感染的Logistic回归分析
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