切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (06) : 345 -349. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2021.06.005

临床研究

脑室-腹腔分流术后感染的影响因素分析及手术操作改良
柏瑞1, 赵丽娜2, 陈毅1, 马宁1,()   
  1. 1. 030001 太原,山西医科大学第一医院神经外科
    2. 100021 北京,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院分子肿瘤学国家重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-05 出版日期:2021-12-15
  • 通信作者: 马宁
  • 基金资助:
    十二五国家科技支撑计划合作课题(2011BA108B06)

Analysis of influencing factors of postoperative infection after ventricular-peritoneal shuntand improvement of surgical operation

Rui Bai1, Lina Zhao2, Yi Chen1, Ning Ma1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 03001, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2021-02-05 Published:2021-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Ning Ma
引用本文:

柏瑞, 赵丽娜, 陈毅, 马宁. 脑室-腹腔分流术后感染的影响因素分析及手术操作改良[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2021, 07(06): 345-349.

Rui Bai, Lina Zhao, Yi Chen, Ning Ma. Analysis of influencing factors of postoperative infection after ventricular-peritoneal shuntand improvement of surgical operation[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 07(06): 345-349.

目的

分析脑室-腹腔分流术(VPS)术后并发感染的独立影响因素,探索改良VPS对于降低术后感染率的有效性。

方法

选取山西医科大学第一医院神经外科自2015年5月至2020年5月收治的138例行VPS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否采用改良术式分为常规手术组和改良手术组,根据患者术后是否发生感染将其分为感染组和未感染组,分析术后感染发生的独立影响因素。

结果

本研究138例患者中,常规手术组65例,改良手术组73例,改良手术组术后并发颅内感染率低于常规手术组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.683,P=0.030);感染组10例(7.24%),未感染组128例(92.75%),单因素分析结果显示,未感染组术前白蛋白水平、带涂层引流管使用率、改良术式应用率均高于感染组,手术时间短于感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归性分析显示,术前、术后白蛋白水平、手术时间、是否应用涂层分流管、是否应用改良术式是VPS术后感染的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

患者围术期白蛋白水平、手术时间、应用涂层分流管、改良术式的应用与术后感染具有一定的关联性,可通过改善患者围术期营养状态、缩短手术时间、改进分流管及手术方式降低术后感染发生率。

Objective

To analyze the independent influencing factors of infection after ventricular-peritoneal shunt (VPS) and to explore the effectiveness of modified VPS in reducing the postoperative infection rate.

Methods

The clinical data of 138 patients with VPS admitted to Neurosurgery Department of First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2015 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into conventional operation group and modified operation group based on whether the modified operation was used surgical procedures, and they were divided into infected group and uninfected group based on whether postoperative infection occurred. The independent influencing factors of postoperative infection were analyzed.

Resusts

Among 138 patients, there were 65 cases in conventional operation group, 73 cases in modified operation group, the postoperative intracranial infection rate in the modified operation group was lower than that in the conventional operation group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.683, P=0.030). 10 cases were infected and 128 cases were uninfected. The results of univariate analysis of the two groups showed that the preoperative albumin level, the use rate of coated drainage tube and the application rate of modified operation in the uninfected group were higher than those in the infected group, the operation time in the uninfected group was less than that in the infected group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative and postoperative albumin level, operation time, whether to use coated shunt tube and whether to use modified operation were independent influencing factors of infection after VPS (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The occurrence of infection after VPS was related to preoperation albumin level, time of operation, hydrophilic coating catheter and modified operation. The incidence of postoperative infection can be reduced by improving the perioperative nutritional status, shortening the operation time, improving the shunt tube and the operation method.

表1 2组患者的临床资料比较[例(%)]
因素 常规手术组(n=65) 改良手术组(n=73) χ2 P
年龄(岁)     0.276 0.599
  ≤60 42(64.62) 44(60.27)    
  >60 23(35.38) 29(39.73)    
性别     0.108 0.743
  男性 41(63.08) 48(65.75)    
  女性 24(36.93) 25(34.25)    
BMI(kg/m2     0.108 0.743
  ≤24 41(63.08) 48(65.75)    
  >24 24(36.93) 25(34.25)    
高血压 26(40.00) 27(36.99) 0.132 0.716
糖尿病 7(10.77) 9(12.33) 0.082 0.775
其他并发症 2(3.08) 0(0) 2.280 0.131
脑积水病因     7.788 0.254
  先天 12(18.46) 12(16.44)    
  脑外伤 21(32.31) 14(19.18)    
  肿瘤 7(10.77) 18(24.66)    
  蛛网膜下腔出血 13(20.00) 11(15.07)    
  脑出血 9(13.85) 11(15.07)    
  感染 1(1.54) 2(2.74)    
  其他 2(3.08) 5(6.85)    
术前住院天数(d)     1.379 0.240
  ≤7 30(46.15) 41(56.16)    
  >7 35(53.85) 32(43.84)    
日常生活能力评分(分)     0.145 0.703
  ≤85 55(84.62) 60(82.19)    
  >85 10(15.38) 13(17.81)    
预防性使用抗生素     1.350 0.509
  其他 13(20.00) 19(26.03)    
  头孢二代 21(32.31) 26(35.62)    
  头孢三代 31(47.69) 28(38.36)    
手术时间(min)     0.025 0.873
  ≤135 41(63.08) 47(64.38)    
  >135 24(36.93) 26(35.62)    
手术出血量(mL)     1.886 0.170
  ≤60 62(95.38) 65(89.04)    
  >60 3(4.62) 8(10.96)    
同期颅骨修补 3(4.62) 5(6.85) 0.314 0.575
亲水涂层分流管     13.649 <0.001
  39(60.00) 21(28.77)    
  26(40.00) 52(71.23)    
脑室外引流 1(1.54) 4(5.48) 1.529 0.216
感染 8(12.31) 2(2.74) 4.683 0.030
表2 影响VPS术后感染的单因素分析[例(%)]
因素 未感染组(n=128) 感染组(n=10) χ2 P
年龄(岁)     0.271 0.603
  ≤60 79(61.72) 7(70.00)    
  >60 49(38.28) 3(30.00)    
性别     1.132 0.287
  男性 81(63.28) 8(80.00)    
  女性 47(36.72) 2(20.00)    
BMI(kg/m2     0.143 0.706
  ≤24 82(64.06) 7(70.00)    
  >24 46(35.94) 3(30.00)    
高血压 50(39.06) 3(30.00) 1.414 0.570
糖尿病 16(12.50) 0(0.00) 1.414 0.234
其他并发症 2(1.56) 0(0.00) 0.159 0.601
术前气管切开 7(5.47) 1(10.00) 0.349 0.555
脑积水病因     4.600 0.596
  先天 22(17.19) 2(20.00)    
  脑外伤 31(24.22) 4(40.00)    
  肿瘤 22(17.19) 3(30.00)    
  蛛网膜下腔出血 24(18.75) 0(0.00)    
  脑出血 19(14.84) 1(10.00)    
  感染 3(2.34) 0(0.00)    
  其他 7(5.47) 0(0.00)    
术前住院天数(d)     0.566 0.452
  ≤7 67(52.34) 4(40.00)    
  >7 61(47.66) 6(60.00)    
日常生活能力评分(分)     0.086 0.769
  ≤85 107(83.59) 8(80.00)    
  >85 21(16.41) 2(20.00)    
预防性抗生素使用     1.776 0.411
  其他 28(21.88) 4(40.00)    
  头孢二代 44(34.38) 3(30.00)    
  头孢三代 56(43.75) 3(30.00)    
术前白蛋白(g/L)     6.380 0.012
  ≤38.9 50(39.06) 8(80.00)    
  >38.9 78(60.94) 2(20.00)    
术后白蛋白(g/L)     3.950 0.047
  ≤38.4 91(71.09) 10(100.00)    
  >38.4 37(28.91) 0(0.00)    
手术时间(min)     5.321 0.021
  ≤135 85(66.41) 3(30.00)    
  >135 43(33.59) 7(70.00)    
手术出血量(mL)     0.061 0.806
  ≤60 118(92.19) 9(90.00)    
  >60 10(7.81) 1(10.00)    
同期颅骨修补 8(6.25) 0(0.00) 0.663 0.415
亲水涂层分流管     9.495 0.002
  51(39.84) 9(90.00)    
  77(60.16) 1(10.00)    
手术方式     4.683 0.030
  传统 57(44.53) 8(80.00)    
  改良 71(55.47) 2(20.00)    
脑室外引流 5(3.91) 0(0.00) 0.405 0.524
表3 影响VPS术后并发感染的Logistic回归分析
[1]
赵继宗. 神经外科学[M]. 3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2014: 474-479.
[2]
Bir SC, Sapkota S, Maiti TK, et al. Evaluation of ventriculoperitoneal shunt-related complications in intracranial meningioma with hydrocephalus[J]. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base, 2017, 78(1): 30-36.
[3]
Anderson IA, Saukila LF, Robins JMW, et al. Factors associated with 30-day ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in pediatric and adult patients[J]. J Neurosurg, 2018, 130(1): 145-153.
[4]
Erps A, Roth J, Constantini S, et al. Risk factors and epidemiology of pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection[J]. Pediatr Int, 2018, 60(12): 1056-1061.
[5]
田晓静,邢永国,张淑祥,等. 脑室-腹腔分流术后感染治疗及预防的研究进展[J]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2017, 3(5): 297-299.
[6]
Miyata S, Golden J, Lebedevskiy O, et al. The role of simultaneous abdominal surgery and wound classification in ventriculoperitoneal shunt complication[J]. Pediatr Surg Int, 2017, 33(11): 1221-1230.
[7]
李冰. 脑室腹腔分流术后感染的影响因素及手术操作改良[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2017, 11(3): 297-301.
[8]
Lang SS, Zhang B, Yver H, et al. Reduction of ventriculostomy-associated CSF infection with antibiotic-impregnated catheters in pediatric patients: a single-institution study[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2019, 47(2): E4.
[9]
Jamjoom AAB, Joannides AJ, Poon MT, et al. Prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the UK and Ireland[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2018, 89(2): 120-126.
[10]
Parker SL, McGirt MJ, Murphy JA, et al. Cost savings associated with antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters in the treatment of adult and pediatric hydrocephalus[J]. World Neurosurg, 2015, 83(3): 382-386.
[11]
Root BK, Barrena BG, Mackenzie TA, et al. Antibiotic impregnated external ventricular drains: meta and cost analysis[J]. World Neurosurg, 2016, 86: 306-315.
[12]
Govender ST, Nathoo N, van Dellen JR. Evaluation of an antibiotic-impregnated shunt system for the treatment of hydrocephalus[J]. J Neurosurg, 2003, 99(5): 831-839.
[13]
Thomas R, Lee S, Patole S, et al. Antibiotic-impregnated catheters for the prevention of CSF shunt infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Br J Neurosurg, 2012, 26(2): 175-184.
[14]
Klimo P Jr, Thompson CJ, Ragel BT, et al. Antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems versus standard shunt systems: a meta- and cost-savings analysis[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2011, 8(6): 600-612.
[15]
Mallucci CL, Jenkinson MD, Conroy EJ, et al. Antibiotic or silver versus standard ventriculoperitoneal shunts (BASICS): a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised trial and economic evaluation[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394(10208): 1530-1539.
[16]
Moussa WM, Mohamed MA. Efficacy of postoperative antibiotic injection in and around ventriculoperitoneal shunt in reduction of shunt infection: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2016, 143: 144-149.
[17]
Arts SH, Boogaarts HD, van Lindert EJ. Route of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of cerebrospinal fluid-shunt infection[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 6(6): CD012902.
[18]
Yakut N, Soysal A, Kepenekli Kadayifci E, et al. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections and re-infections in children: a multicentre retrospective study[J]. Br J Neurosurg, 2018, 32(2): 196-200.
[19]
蒲珂,李庆国,李国栋,等. 预防性应用抗生素对脑室-腹腔分流术后感染的影响[J]. 中华神经外科杂志, 2019, 35(3): 298-301.
[20]
Simon TD, Butler J, Whitlock KB, et al. Risk factors for first cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: findings from a multi-center prospective cohort study[J]. J Pediatr, 2014, 164(6): 1462-1468.e2.
[21]
Schuss P, Borger V, Güresir Á, et al. Cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement after decompressive craniectomy: staged surgery is associated with fewer postoperative complications[J]. World Neurosurg, 2015, 84(4): 1051-1054.
[22]
Choux M, Genitori L, Lang D, et al. Shunt implantation: reducing the incidence of shunt infection[J]. J Neurosurg, 1992, 77(6): 875-880.
[23]
Pirotte BJ, Lubansu A, Bruneau M, et al. Sterile surgical technique for shunt placement reduces the shunt infection rate in children: preliminary analysis of a prospective protocol in 115 consecutive procedures[J]. Childs Nerv Syst, 2007, 23(11): 1251-1161.
[24]
Kestle JR, Holubkov R, Douglas Cochrane D, et al. A new hydrocephalus clinical research network protocol to reduce cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2016, 17(4): 391-396.
[1] 农云洁, 黄小桂, 黄裕兰, 农恒荣. 超声在多重肺部感染诊断中的临床应用价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(09): 872-876.
[2] 李小飞, 刘洪莉, 石丘玲, 田静, 李莉, 漆洪波, 罗欣. 自然分娩产妇低强度聚焦超声子宫复旧治疗防治产后出血的前瞻性随机对照研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(05): 534-539.
[3] 许月芳, 刘旺, 曾妙甜, 郭宇姝. 多粘菌素B和多粘菌素E治疗外科多重耐药菌感染临床疗效及安全性分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 700-703.
[4] 梁孟杰, 朱欢欢, 王行舟, 江航, 艾世超, 孙锋, 宋鹏, 王萌, 刘颂, 夏雪峰, 杜峻峰, 傅双, 陆晓峰, 沈晓菲, 管文贤. 联合免疫治疗的胃癌转化治疗患者预后及术后并发症分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 619-623.
[5] 皮尔地瓦斯·麦麦提玉素甫, 李慧灵, 艾克拜尔·艾力, 李赞林, 王志, 克力木·阿不都热依木. 生物补片修补巨大复发性腹壁切口疝临床疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 624-628.
[6] 顾熙, 徐子宇, 周澍, 张吴楼, 张业鹏, 林昊, 刘宗航, 嵇振岭, 郑立锋. 腹股沟疝腹膜前间隙无张力修补术后补片感染10 例报道[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 665-669.
[7] 臧宇, 姚胜, 朱新勇, 戎世捧, 田智超. 低温等离子射频消融治疗腹壁疝术后补片感染的临床效果[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 687-692.
[8] 杨闯, 马雪. 腹壁疝术后感染的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 693-696.
[9] 邢嘉翌, 龚佳晟, 祝佳佳, 陆群. 肺癌化疗患者继发肺部感染的病原菌耐药性及炎症因子变化分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(05): 714-718.
[10] 王石林, 叶继章, 丘向艳, 陈桂青, 邹晓敏. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病真菌感染风险早期预测分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(05): 773-776.
[11] 董大红, 周明虎, 李芝朋, 许正峰. 碳青霉烯类抗生素联合呼吸机治疗肺部感染的临床疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(05): 793-796.
[12] 中华医学会器官移植学分会. 肝移植术后缺血性胆道病变诊断与治疗中国实践指南[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 739-748.
[13] 丛黎, 马林, 陈旭, 李文文, 张亮亮, 周华亭. 改良CT严重指数联合炎症指标在重症急性胰腺炎患者胰腺感染预测及预后评估中的研究[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(05): 432-436.
[14] 贾玲玲, 滕飞, 常键, 黄福, 刘剑萍. 心肺康复在各种疾病中应用的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(09): 859-862.
[15] 颜世锐, 熊辉. 感染性心内膜炎合并急性肾损伤患者的危险因素探索及死亡风险预测[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(07): 618-624.
阅读次数
全文


摘要