目的

探讨自发性脑出血病的流行病学特点及其与死亡率之间的关系。

方法

回顾性分析2003至2012年10年间在解放军第三〇六医院神经外科首诊收治的自发性脑出血病例767 例，并对其流行病学资料进行分析，发病率及死亡率的比较采用χ²检验。

结果

该组病例中，男性499 例，女性268 例，男女比例为1.9∶1，两性病例数呈增多趋势。男性死亡71 例，死亡率14.2%，女性死亡49例，死亡率18.3%，男女死亡率比为0.8∶1。65岁以上的老年患者死亡率18.79%(56/298)，略高于中青年患者。从发病时间看，下午、上午、晨起较多；而凌晨、中午发病者的死亡率较高。从发病时生活状态看，劳累、睡眠时发病较多；而睡眠、如厕时发病者死亡率较高。从既往病史看，患高血压病死亡率为12.63%(49/388)；死亡率最高为长期服用阿司匹林者，为34.7%(8/22)，其余病人死亡率较低。

结论

自发性脑出血病例逐渐增多，多见于男性，中青年病例明显增多，日间发病率较高，而睡眠中发病者死亡率较高，既往有高血压病史较常见，长期服用阿司匹林者死亡率最高。

Objective

To study the epidemiological characteristics of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and discuss the relationship between the epidemiological characteristics and mortality.

Methods

A total of 767 cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital from 2003 to 2012 was studied retrospectively. The epidemiological data were analyzed. The data are presented as mean ± SD.

Results

The ratio of male to female was 1.9, and both male and female cases are increasing.The mortality of male to female was 0.8.The mortality of the elder cases(age≥65)was 14.3%(56/298), larger than that of the younger ones. The most time of onset was in the day time,and the mortality during sleep and in the noon was the largest. From the perspective of life state, the more incidence when one was tired or sleeping,and the higher mortality rate when one was in the toilet or sleeping.As to the past medical history,hypertension accounted for 47.6%(49/388).The mortality of those with long-term aspirin use was the largest,which was 34.7%(8/22).

Conclusions

The cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are gradually increasing, and are more common in men, young cases increased significantly, have higher incidence in daytime, have higher mortality rate when one was sleeping, are more common with one have history of hypertension, and have the largest mortality rate with long-term aspirin use.