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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 92 -97. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2026.02.005

临床研究

老年脑出血患者术后营养不良的影响因素分析
王睿, 罗永川(), 廖可立, 陈贵军   
  1. 643000 四川自贡,自贡市第一人民医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2026-04-15
  • 通信作者: 罗永川

Analysis of the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery

Rui Wang, Yongchuan Luo(), Keli Liao, Guijun Chen   

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong 643000, China
  • Received:2024-10-21 Published:2026-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Yongchuan Luo
引用本文:

王睿, 罗永川, 廖可立, 陈贵军. 老年脑出血患者术后营养不良的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2026, 12(02): 92-97.

Rui Wang, Yongchuan Luo, Keli Liao, Guijun Chen. Analysis of the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(02): 92-97.

目的

分析老年脑出血患者术后营养不良的影响因素。

方法

选取自贡市第一人民医院神经外科自2022年1月至2023年3月收治的124例行手术治疗的老年脑出血患者为研究对象,依据术后是否发生营养不良(全球领导人营养不良倡议标准)将患者分为无营养不良组和营养不良组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选老年脑出血患者术后营养不良的影响因素,绘制ROC曲线确定最佳截断值以评估变量对营养不良的预测价值。

结果

124例老年脑出血患者中,无营养不良组72例,营养不良组52例,2组患者年龄、OICH评分、吞咽障碍、白蛋白水平、NLR及总胆固醇水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、白蛋白水平和NLR是老年脑出血患者术后发生营养不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,年龄、白蛋白水平和NLR比值预测老年脑出血患者术后营养不良的曲线下面积分别为0.743、0.835、0.648,其中白蛋白的预测效能高于年龄和NLR,当年龄≥72.5岁、白蛋白≤30.08 g/L或NLR≥2.52时,提示老年脑出血患者术后可能出现营养不良。

结论

年龄、白蛋白水平和NLR是老年脑出血患者术后发生营养不良的独立影响因素。临床应重视高龄(≥72.5岁)、低白蛋白(≤30.08 g/L)及高NLR(≥2.52)患者的营养筛查与早期干预。

Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery.

Methods

A total of 124 elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery at Neurosurgery Department of the First People's Hospital of Zigong City from January 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the Global Leadership Malnutrition Initiative standards, the patients were divided into a non-malnutrition group and a malnutrition group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors for postoperative malnutrition, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the optimal cut-off values for evaluating the discriminatory ability of the variables for malnutrition.

Results

Among 124 elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery, there were 72 cases in the non-malnutrition group and 52 cases in the malnutrition group. The differences in age, OICH score, swallowing disorders, albumin, NLR, and total cholesterol between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, albumin, and NLR were independent influencing factors for malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery based on age, albumin, and NLR was 0.743, 0.835, and 0.648, respectively. Among them, the predictive power of albumin was higher than that of age and NLR. When age≥72.5 years, albumin≤30.08 g/L, or NLR≥2.52, it suggests that elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery may have malnutrition.

Conclusions

Age, albumin, and NLR are independent influencing factors for malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery. Clinical attention should be paid to nutritional screening and early intervention for patients with advanced age (≥72.5 years), low albumin (≤30.08 g/L), and high NLR (≥2.52).

表1 不同性别的老年脑出血患者的GLM表型标准患病率比较
Tab.1 Sex-specific comparison of standardized prevalence of GLM phenotypes in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery
表2 2组老年脑出血患者的临床资料比较
Tab.2 Comparison of clinical data between two groups of elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery
项目 无营养不良组(n=72) 营养不良组(n=52) t/χ2/U P
年龄(岁,±s 68.35±6.87 73.46±9.69 4.602 <0.001
性别[例(%)]     0.277 0.782
42(58.33) 29(55.77)    
30(41.67) 23(44.23)    
住院天数(d,±s 16.49±4.98 17.35±5.89 1.380 0.168
吸烟史[例(%)]     0.476 0.634
29(40.28) 19(36.54)    
43(59.72) 33(63.46)    
饮酒史[例(%)]     0.204 0.838
32(44.44) 24(46.15)    
40(55.56) 28(53.85)    
OICH评分>1分[例(%)] 40(62.50) 39(75.00) 2.013 0.026
吞咽障碍[例(%)] 18(25.00) 26(69.23) 2.344 0.007
合并症[例(%)]     1.117 0.264
42(58.33) 34(65.38)    
30(41.67) 18(34.62)    
白细胞计数(×109/L,±s 6.62±2.89 6.40±2.79 -0.595 0.552
NLR[MP25P75)] 2.64(1.97,3.82) 3.25(2.25,4.36) 2.062 0.025
PLR[MP25P75)] 93.88(76.73,183.16) 92.36(79.58,188.75) 1.380 0.168
MLR[MP25P75)] 0.24(0.09,0.38) 0.25(0.09,0.41) 0.945 0.342
血红蛋白(g/L,±s 134.46±23.06 118.02±23.32 -1.954 0.051
总蛋白(g/L,±s 67.83±8.2 65.42±8.32 -1.418 0.156
白蛋白(g/L,±s 38.68±5.52 31.91±6.09 -5.871 <0.001
甘油三酯[mmol/L,M(P25P75)] 1.55(1.08,2.08) 1.81(1.22,2.45) 1 703.000 0.392
高密度脂蛋白(mmol/L,±s 2.19±0.87 2.02±0.67 -0.476 0.634
总胆固醇(mmol/L,±s 3.92±0.56 3.51±1.01 -2.064 0.035
表3 老年脑出血患者术后营养不良影响因素的多因素Logistic分析
Tab.3 Multivariate Logistic analysis of factors affecting malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery
图1 老年脑出血患者术后营养不良影响因素的ROC曲线图
Fig.1 ROC curve of factors affecting malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery
表4 老年脑出血患者术后营养不良影响因素的ROC曲线分析
Tab.4 ROC curve analysis of factors affecting malnutrition in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery
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