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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 65 -72. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2026.02.001

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脊髓类器官研究进展:从基础构建到疾病建模与再生修复
张津, 徐如祥()   
  1. 610072 成都,电子科技大学医学院·四川省人民医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-04-15
  • 通信作者: 徐如祥

Advances in spinal cord organoid research: from basic construction to disease modeling and regenerative repair

Jin Zhang, Ruxiang Xu()   

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
  • Received:2026-03-16 Published:2026-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Ruxiang Xu
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1204200)
引用本文:

张津, 徐如祥. 脊髓类器官研究进展:从基础构建到疾病建模与再生修复[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2026, 12(02): 65-72.

Jin Zhang, Ruxiang Xu. Advances in spinal cord organoid research: from basic construction to disease modeling and regenerative repair[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(02): 65-72.

脊髓类器官由诱导多能干细胞诱导分化形成,可高度模拟脊髓组织的细胞组成及关键特征,包括运动神经元、γ-氨基丁酸中间神经元、星形胶质细胞及少突胶质细胞等多种细胞。2018年,首个功能性脊髓类器官成功构建,实现了从单细胞到多细胞体外模型的突破。尽管动物模型为脊髓相关疾病机制研究提供了重要工具,但人与动物的物种差异使其无法准确模拟人类病理特征。脊髓类器官的出现突破了这种限制,不仅为发育生物学研究提供了新模型,也为再生医学治疗带来了潜在的生物工程方案,更为研究脊髓疾病机制和神经功能修复机制搭建了关键平台。基于此,本文系统总结脊髓类器官研究的核心进展,包括脊髓类器官不同模式构建、疾病模型及再生医学转化现状,同时探讨当前面临的挑战与局限性,旨在为脊髓类器官的进一步研究提供参考,并促进其临床转化。

Spinal cord organoids are derived from induced pluripotent stem cells through directed differentiation and can closely recapitulate key features of spinal cord tissue, containing multiple cell types such as motor neurons, GABAergic interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The establishment of the first functional spinal cord organoid in 2018 enabled the construction of an in vitro model that progresses from single cells to multicellular structures. Although animal models have helped humans understand the mechanisms of spinal cord-related diseases, species differences between humans and animals prevent the accurate recapitulation of human pathological features. The emergence of spinal cord organoids overcomes this limitation, providing a foundation for developmental biology research, a potential bioengineering approach for regenerative medicine, and a platform for studying the mechanisms of spinal cord diseases and promoting functional recovery. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the core advances in spinal cord organoids, including the construction of spinal cord organoids using various patterning strategies, disease modeling, and current applications in regenerative medicine. It also discusses a series of current challenges and limitations, with the aim of offering perspectives for future research directions and facilitating the clinical translation of spinal cord organoids.

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