植入式脑机接口（iBCIs）是一种通过神经外科手术将神经信号采集器植入大脑皮层或深部神经核团，在大脑与外部设备间建立直接通信通路的前沿技术。作为一项革命性的医疗技术，iBCIs为难治性运动障碍疾病与精神性疾病的治疗带来了希望。目前，以脑深部电刺激和闭环式响应神经刺激为代表的iBCIs治疗策略已经在帕金森病、意识障碍、癫痫、扭转痉挛等脑疾病的临床治疗中得到较广泛应用，并取得较好的效果。然而，随着iBCIs临床应用的快速发展，其相关的科技伦理规范等深层次问题也逐渐受到重视，尤其是患者的筛选、医疗目标的确定、医疗时间窗及治疗靶点等。为此，本文围绕iBCIs相关技术在已获国家批准的临床疾病治疗中的应用现状，以及在临床应用中需要考虑的科技伦理问题等展开述评，以期对iBCIs技术临床应用的快速发展和研究提供帮助。

The implantable brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) are cutting-edge technologies that integrate neural signal transducers like micro-electrodes into the cerebral cortex or deep brain tissue through neurosurgical procedures, establishing direct communication pathways between the brain and external devices. As a revolutionary medical advancement, iBCIs technology has been offering hope for refractory motor disorders and neurological conditions. Currently, iBCIs therapeutic strategies, such as deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation, have been widely adopted in clinical practice for major brain diseases including Parkinson disease, consciousness disorders, drug-resistant epilepsy and torsion spasm, achieving significant therapeutic outcomes. However, the rapid clinical adoption of iBCIs technology has prompted urgent consideration of critical ethical issues, including patient eligibility screening, treatment goal determination, optimal intervention windows, and therapeutic targets. This review examines the current status of iBCIs applications in nationally approved clinical treatments and addresses essential ethical considerations during implementation, aiming to provide guidance for both the accelerated development and research of iBCIs technologies.