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中华神经创伤外科电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (04) : 218 -223. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9141.2022.04.005

临床研究

神经外科围术期丙戊酸盐诱导高氨血症的临床研究
赵浩1, 刘琛2, 曲鑫1, 徐跃峤1, 齐猛1, 陈文劲1, 程玮涛1, 尚峰1, 蒋丽丹1, 王宁1,()   
  1. 1. 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科
    2. 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院药学部
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-05 出版日期:2022-08-15
  • 通信作者: 王宁
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学校培育基金(PYZ21037)

Clinical study of perioperative valproate-induced hyperammonemia in neurosurgery

Hao Zhao1, Chen Liu2, Xin Qu1, Yueqiao Xu1, Meng Qi1, Wenjin Chen1, Weitao Cheng1, Feng Shang1, Lidan Jiang1, Ning Wang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
    2. Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2022-07-05 Published:2022-08-15
  • Corresponding author: Ning Wang
引用本文:

赵浩, 刘琛, 曲鑫, 徐跃峤, 齐猛, 陈文劲, 程玮涛, 尚峰, 蒋丽丹, 王宁. 神经外科围术期丙戊酸盐诱导高氨血症的临床研究[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2022, 08(04): 218-223.

Hao Zhao, Chen Liu, Xin Qu, Yueqiao Xu, Meng Qi, Wenjin Chen, Weitao Cheng, Feng Shang, Lidan Jiang, Ning Wang. Clinical study of perioperative valproate-induced hyperammonemia in neurosurgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Neurotraumatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(04): 218-223.

目的

探讨神经外科围术期使用丙戊酸盐(VPA)所致高氨血症对患者预后的影响及其相关因素分析。

方法

选取首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科自2021年3月至6月收治的颅内病变患者,围术期均使用VPA,收集患者的临床资料包括基本信息、VPA用量、时程、血药浓度及相关并发症。分析VPA导致高氨血症的相关影响因素及相关并发症。

结果

本组共纳入123例使用VPA的颅内病变患者,42例患者出现高氨血症,占34.15%,其中3例患者发生高氨性脑病(VHE),占总人数的2.44%。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,体质量指数(BMI)和类固醇激素使用是高氨血症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05),其中高BMI患者、合并使用类固醇激素更容易发生高氨血症。而VPA使用的剂量、时程及血药浓度对高氨血症的发生无影响,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高氨血症导致患者在ICU的治疗时间和总住院时间延长,会影响术后30 d的预后(P<0.05),但对术后90 d及1年的预后无影响(P>0.05)。高氨血症组和非高氨血症组术后均有并发症发生,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

神经外科围术期使用VPA预防癫痫发作相对安全,但是要注意相关并发症,特别是高氨血症的发生。神经外科医生要注意术后并发症导致的意识障碍与VHE的鉴别,避免影响临床决策。

Objective

To explore the factors related to hyperammonemia caused by perioperative valproate (VPA) use in neurosurgery and its effect on prognosis of patients.

Methods

Patients with intracranial lesions who were admitted to Neurosurgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from March to June 2021 were selected. VPA was used during the perioperative period. The clinical data of patients were collected, including basic information, VPA dosage, duration, blood concentration and related complications. Related factors and complications of hyperammonemia caused by VPA were analyzed.

Results

A total of 123 patients with intracranial lesions using VPA were included in this group, 42 patients (34.15%) developed hyperammonemia, among which 3 patients (2.44%) developed hyperammonia-encephalopathy. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and steroid hormone use were independent risk factors for the occurrence of hyperammonemia (P<0.05). Among them, patients with high BMI and combined use of steroid hormones were more likely to develop hyperammonemia. The dosage, duration and blood concentration of VPA were not related to hyperammonemia, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hyperammonemia prolonged the treatment time and total hospital stay in ICU, which would affect the prognosis 30 d after discharge (P<0.05), but had no effect on the prognosis 90 d and 1 year after operation (P>0.05). Postoperative complications occurred in both hyperammonemia group and non hyperammonemia group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusion

VPA is relatively safe to prevent epileptic seizures during perioperative period of neurosurgery, but attention should be paid on the related complications, especially hyperammonemia. Neurosurgeons should pay close attention to the differentiation of consciousness disturbance caused by operation and high ammonia encephalopathy to avoid influencing clinical decision making.

表1 2组患者的临床资料比较
项目 高氨血症组(n=42) 非高氨血症组(n=81) t/Z/χ2 P
年龄(岁,±s 55.70±11.56 53.65±13.58 1.337 0.453
性别[例(%)]     0.218 0.432
  男性 16(38.10) 37(45.68)    
  女性 26(61.90) 44(54.32)    
生命体征[M(P25,P75)]        
  心率(次/min) 85.4(75.4,101.3) 86.7(76.4,99.3) 0.864 0.354
  收缩压(mmHg) 120.8(107.2,132.4) 119.2(107.0,136.8) 0.536 0.127
  舒张压(mmHg) 61.5(52.2,68.9) 62.5(53.0,66.5) 0.468 0.654
  平均动脉压(mmHg) 74.6(70.0,85.0) 76.8(72.1,86.0) 2.594 0.587
  呼吸(次/min) 19.0(15.0,23.4) 18.8(15.1,22.6) 1.473 0.534
  体温(℃) 36.9(36.0,37.5) 36.9(36.3,37.4) 2.409 0.965
实验室指标[M(P25,P75)]        
  转氨酶(IU/L) 24(15,47) 28(14,35) 2.572 0.365
  谷草转氨酶(IU/L) 28(16,49) 32(21,37) 2.453 0.598
  葡萄糖(mmol/L) 8.8(5.8,13.5) 8.6(4.9,12.5) 3.445 0.935
  血红蛋白(g/dL) 10.5(9.1,12.7) 9.8(8.6,12.5) 1.421 0.165
  血小板(×109/L) 183(122,260) 185.5(130.5,264.8) 1.768 0.276
  凝血时间(s) 15.2(13.5,17.9) 14.8(13.3,17.9) 2.453 0.057
  尿素氮(mg/dL) 23(15,45) 25(16,43) 1.798 0.234
  肌酐(mg/dL) 1.2(0.8,2.2) 1.2(0.8,2.2) 1.345 0.768
  白细胞(×109/L) 11.0(8.6,15.3) 11.5(8.2,14.8) 2.643 0.597
  血钾(mmol/L) 3.9(3.5,4.4) 3.8(3.5,4.3) 1.567 0.468
  血氨(µg/dL) 45(23,75) 47(21,67) 1.587 0.421
评分系统[M(P25,P75)]        
  GCS评分 14(13,15) 14(11,15) 1.467 0.077
  SOFA评分 5.0(3.0,7.0) 5.0(3.0,7.0) 1.657 0.243
图1 高氨血症与体质量指数的关系
表2 VPA导致高氨血症相关因素的单因素分析
表3 VPA导致高氨血症相关因素的Logistic回归分析
表4 2组患者住院时间和预后的比较[M(P25,P75)]
表5 不同血氨水平患者的并发症发生率比较[例(%)]
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