结核性脑膜炎（TBM）是由结核杆菌导致的脑膜发生非化脓性的炎症。TBM发病率占人体全身结核病的1%左右，可导致严重的中枢神经系统病变，其死亡率和致残率有逐年升高的趋势。由于儿童抵抗力差，TBM发病率常高于成人，同时TBM合并HIV感染的患儿死亡率更高。但目前TBM的发病机制尚不清楚，而且由于病初无异状、诊断技术落后等原因经常导致误诊，从而没有及时行抗核治疗而延误病情。为此，寻求更为先进的TBM早期诊断方法对临床治疗和改善患者预后具有重要意义。本文将对近年来TBM的早期诊断方法进行较全面的总结和阐述。

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis inflammation occurred non suppurative, about the human body tuberculosis accounted for 1%, it can lead to serious central nervous system disease, its mortality and high morbidity and increased year by year. The incidence of children with poor resistance was higher than that of adults, and the mortality rate of children with TBM complicated with HIV infection was very high. Not only that, the pathogenesis of TBM is unclear, no abnormal disease early diagnosis, backward technology, so often leads to misdiagnosis, causing no timely treatment for anti nuclear and delay treatment. To this end, to seek more advanced TBM early diagnosis methods for clinical treatment and improve the prognosis of patients. In this paper, the early diagnosis methods of TBM in recent years are described.