| [14] |
Li D, Yang Y, Hao SY, et al. Hemorrhage risk, surgical management, and functional outcome of brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. J Neurosurg, 2013, 119(4): 996-1008.
|
| [15] |
Cenzato M, Stefini R, Ambrosi C, et al. Post-operative remnants of brainstem cavernomas: incidence, risk factors and management[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2008, 150(9): 879-886.
|
| [16] |
Kyoshima K, Kobayashi S, Gibo H, et al. A study of safe entry zones via the floor of the fourth ventricle for brainstem lesions. Report of three cases[J]. J Neurosurg, 1993, 78(6): 987-993.
|
| [17] |
Sindou M, Yada J, Salord F. Functional results after microsurgical resection of brain stem cavernous malformations (retrospective study of a 12 patient series and review of the recent literature)[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2000, 142(8): 843-852.
|
| [18] |
Steinberg GK, Chang SD, Gewirtz RJ, et al. Microsurgical resection of brainstem, thalamic, and basal ganglia angiographically occult vascular malformations[J]. Neurosurgery, 2000, 46(2): 260-270.
|
| [19] |
Fritschi JA, Reulen HJ, Spetzler RF, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 1994, 130(1-4): 35-46.
|
| [20] |
Garcia RM, Ivan ME, Lawton MT. Brainstem cavernous malformations: surgical results in 104 patients and a proposed grading system to predict neurological outcomes[J]. Neurosurgery, 2015, 76(3): 265-278.
|
| [21] |
Mathiesen T, Edner G, KihlstrÊm L. Deep and brainstem cavernomas: a consecutive 8-year series[J]. J Neurosurg, 2003, 99(1): 31-37.
|
| [22] |
Ohue S, Fukushima T, Kumon Y, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas: selection of approaches and microsurgical techniques[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2010, 33(3): 315-322.
|
| [23] |
Cauley KA, Andrews T, Gonyea JV, et al. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of intracranial cavernous malformations: preliminary observations and characterization of the hemosiderin rim[J]. J Neurosurg, 2010, 112(4): 814-823.
|
| [24] |
Ulrich NH, Kockro RA, Bellut D, et al. Brainstem cavernoma surgery with the support of pre - and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging: initial experiences and clinical course of 23 patients[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2014, 37(3): 481-491.
|
| [25] |
McLaughlin N, Kelly DF. Corticospinal tractography as a prognosticator for motor improvement after brainstem cavernoma resection[J]. Br J Neurosurg, 2013, 27(1): 108-110.
|
| [26] |
Flores BC, Whittemore AR, Samson DS, et al. The utility of preoperative diffusion tensor imaging in the surgical management of brainstem cavernousmalformations[J]. J Neurosurg, 2015, 122(3): 653-662.
|
| [27] |
Abla AA, Lekovic GP, Turner JD, et al. Advances in the treatment and outcome of brainstem cavernous malformation surgery: a single-center case series of 300 surgically treated patients[J]. Neurosurgery, 2011, 68(2): 403-414.
|
| [28] |
Faraji AH, Abhinav K, Jarbo K, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of corticospinal tract in patients with resected brainstem cavernous malformations using high-definition fiber tractography and diffusion connectometry analysis: preliminary experience[J]. J Neurosurg, 2015, 123(5): 1133-1144.
|
| [29] |
Kashimura H, Inoue T, Ogasawara K, et al. Pontine cavernous angioma resected using the subtemporal, anterior transpetrosal approach determined using three-dimensional anisotropy contrast iimaging: technical case report[J]. Neurosurgery, 2006, 58(1 Suppl): ONS-E175.
|
| [30] |
Sandalcioglu IE, Wiedemayer H, Secer S, et al. Surgical removal of brain stem cavernous malformations: surgical indications, technical considerations, and results[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2002, 72(3): 351-355.
|
| [31] |
Ishihara H, Bjeljac M, Straumann D, et al. The role of intraoperative monitoring of oculomotor and trochlear nuclei-safe entry zone to tegmental lesions[J]. Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2006, 49(3): 168-172.
|
| [32] |
Sarnthein J, Bozinov O, Melone AG, et al. Motor-evoked potentials(MEP) during brainstem surgery to preserve corticospinalfunction[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2011, 153(9): 1753-1759.
|
| [33] |
Bertalanffy H, Tissira N, Krayenbuhl N, et al. Inter-and intrapatient variability of facial nerve response areas in the floor of the fourth ventricle[J]. Neurosurgery, 2011, 68(1 Suppl Operative): 23-31.
|
| [34] |
Nayak NR, Thawani JP, Sanborn MR, et al. Endoscopic approaches to brainstem cavernous malformations: Case series and review of the literature[J]. Surg Neurol Int, 2015, 6: 68.
|
| [35] |
Ramina R, Mattei TA, de Aguiar PH, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. Neurol Sci, 2011, 32(6): 1013-1028.
|
| [36] |
Samii M, Eghbal R, Carvalho GA, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas[J]. J Neurosurg, 2001, 95(5): 825-832.
|
| [37] |
Dukatz T, Sarnthein J, Sitter H, et al. Quality of life after brainstem cavernoma surgery in 71 patients[J]. Neurosurgery, 2011, 69(3): 689-695.
|
| [38] |
Tarnaris A, Fernandes RP, Kitchen ND. Does conservative management for brain stem cavernomas have better long-term outcome[J]? Br J Neurosurg, 2008, 22(6): 748-57.
|
| [39] |
Li D, Yang Y, Hao SY, et al. Hemorrhage risk, surgical management, and functional outcome of brainstemv cavernous malformations[J]. J Neurosurg, 2013, 119(4): 996-1008.
|
| [40] |
Pandey P, Westbroek EM, Gooderham PA, et al. Cavernous malformation of brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia: a series of 176 patients[J]. Neurosurgery, 2013, 72(4): 573-589.
|
| [41] |
Chotai S, Qi S, Xu S. Prediction of outcomes for brainstem cavernous malformation[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013, 115(10): 2117-2123.
|
| [42] |
Li D, Hao SY, Tang J, et al. Surgical management of pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2014, 13(5): 484-502.
|
| [43] |
Amin-Hanjani S, Ogilvy CS, Ojemann RG, et al. Risks of surgical management for cavernous malformations of the nervous system[J]. Neurosurgery, 1998, 42(6): 1220-1228.
|
| [1] |
Porter RW, Detwiler PW, Spetzler RF, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brainstem: experience with 100 patients[J]. J Neurosurg, 1999, 90(1): 50-58.
|
| [2] |
Menon G, Gopalakrishnan CV, Rao BR, et al. A single institution series of cavernomas of the brainstem[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2011, 18(9): 1210-1214.
|
| [3] |
Bertalanffy H, Benes L, Miyazawa T, et al. Cerebral cavernomas in the adult. Review of the literature and analysis of 72 surgically treated patients[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2002, 25(1-2): 54-55.
|
| [4] |
Conway JE, Rigamonti D. Cavernous malformations: a review and current controversies[J]. Neurosurg Quart, 2006, 16(1): 15-23.
|
| [5] |
Brown AP, Thompson BG, Spetzler RF. The two-point method evaluating brainstem lesions[J]. BNI Quarterly, 1996, 12(1): 20-24.
|
| [6] |
Zimmerman RS, Spetzler RF, Lee KS, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem[J]. J Neurosurg, 1991, 75(1): 32-39.
|
| [44] |
Sola RG, Pulido P, Pastor J, et al. Surgical treatment of symptomatic cavernous malformations of the brainstem[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2007, 149(5): 463-470.
|
| [7] |
Mai JC, Ramanathan D, Kim LJ, et al. Surgical resection of cavernous malformations of the brainstem: evolution of a minimally invasive technique[J]. World Neurosurg, 2013, 79(5-6): 691-703.
|
| [8] |
Chen LH, Zhang HT, Chen L, et al. Minimally invasive resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: surgical approaches and clinical experiences with 38 patients[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2014, 116: 72-79.
|
| [9] |
Maurer AJ, Bonney PA, Strickland AE, et al. Brainstem cavernous malformations resected via miniature craniotomies: technique and approach selection[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2015, 22(5): 865-871.
|
| [10] |
Chen X, Weigel D, Ganslandt O, et al. Diffusion tensor-based fiber tracking and intraoperative neuronavigation for the resection of a brainstem cavernous angioma[J]. Surg Neurol, 2007, 68(3): 285-291.
|
| [11] |
Ferroli P, Sinisi M, Franzini A, et al. Brainstem cavernomas: long-term results of microsurgical resection in 52 patients[J]. Neurosurgery, 2005, 56(6): 1203-1212.
|
| [12] |
Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, et al. Brainstem cavernous malformations: 1390 surgical cases from the literature[J]. World Neurosurg, 2013, 80(1-2): 89-93.
|
| [13] |
Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, et al. Brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. Neurosurgery, 2009, 64(5): E805-818.
|