分析新疆地区儿童创伤性颅脑损伤（TBI）的临床特点及影响预后的危险因素，探索符合本地区地域特点的预防和诊治方案。

回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院小儿神经外科自2014年1月至2023年1月收治的398例TBI患儿的临床资料。收集患儿的性别、年龄、受伤地点、受伤原因、损伤部位、严重程度、是否手术、治疗情况及预后等，采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响TBI患儿严重程度的独立危险因素。

本组纳入的398例TBI患儿中，男性241例，女性157例，男女比例为1.56∶1；4~6岁（98例）和7~17岁（126例）的患儿占比最高；受伤原因主要为坠落/摔伤（59.3%）；轻度损伤283例，中度损伤61例，重度损伤54例，其中轻度和中度损伤主要由坠落/摔伤导致，重度损伤以交通事故为主；98例患儿接受手术治疗，300例患儿接受非手术治疗。各年龄段患儿的受伤地点、严重程度、受伤原因、损伤部位、住院时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；轻度、中度及重度患儿的年龄分布、受伤地点、受伤原因、损伤部位比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同性别和年龄段患儿的入院月份分布比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，车祸伤是患儿发生重度TBI的独立危险因素。出院后6~12个月随访，375例患儿预后良好，9例中残，8例重残，1例植物状态，5例死亡。

新疆地区TBI患儿以男孩和学龄前儿童为主，坠落/摔伤和交通事故是主要致伤原因，其中车祸伤是重度TBI的独立危险因素。损伤程度以轻度TBI为主，多数患儿经保守治疗预后良好。临床应基于儿童的年龄差异进行临床评估和个性化治疗，并对家长加强安全知识宣教，提升风险防范意识。

To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors affecting prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children in Xinjiang region, and explore prevention and treatment plans that are in line with local characteristics.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 398 children with TBI admitted to the Pediatric Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2014 to January 2023. The gender, age, location of injury, cause of injury, location of injury, severity, whether surgery was performed, treatment status, and prognosis of children with TBI were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen for independent risk factors that affect the severity of children with TBI.

Among the 398 patients, there were 241 males and 157 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.56∶1; The proportion of children aged 4-6 years (98 cases) and 7-17 years (126 cases) was the highest; The main cause of injury is falling/injury (59.3%); 283 cases had mild injuries, 61 cases had moderate injuries, and 54 cases had severe injuries. Mild and moderate TBI were mainly caused by falls/injuries, while severe injuries were mainly caused by traffic accidents; 98 cases underwent surgical treatment and 300 cases underwent non-surgical treatment. There were statistically significant differences in the location, severity, cause, location, and length of hospital stay of children of different age groups (P<0.05); The age distribution, injury location, injury cause, and injury site of mild, moderate, and severe pediatric patients showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of hospitalization months among children of different genders and age groups (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that car accident injury is an independent risk factor for severe TBI in children. After 6-12 months of follow-up after discharge, 375 patients had a good prognosis, with 9 cases of moderate disability, 8 cases of severe disability, 1 case in vegetative state, and 5 cases of death.

Children with TBI in Xinjiang are mainly boys and preschool children, and falls/injuries and traffic accidents are the main causes of injury. Among them, car accidents are an independent risk factor for severe TBI. The degree of injury is mainly mild TBI, and most children have a good prognosis after conservative treatment. Clinical evaluation and personalized treatment should be based on the age differences of children, and safety education for parents should be strengthened to enhance risk prevention awareness.