[1] |
Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Kestle JR. The natural history of cerebral cavernous malformation[J]. J Neurosurg, 1995, 83(5): 820-824.
|
[2] |
Fritschi JA, Reulen HJ, Spetzler RF, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases[J]. Acta Neurochir(Wien), 1994, 130(1-4): 35-46.
|
[3] |
Kupersmith MJ, Kalish H, Epstein F, et al. Natural history of brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. Neurosurgery, 2001, 48(1): 47-54.
|
[4] |
Porter RW, Detwiler PW, Spetzler RF, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brainstem: experience with 100 patients[J]. J Neurosurg,1999, 90(1): 50-58.
|
[5] |
Wang CC, Liu A, Zhang JT, et al. Surgical management of brain-stem cavernous malformations: report of 137 cases[J]. Surg Neurol, 2003, 59(6): 444-454.
|
[6] |
Samii M, Eghbal R, Carvalho GA, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas[J]. J Neurosurg, 2001, 95(5): 825-832.
|
[7] |
Chen LH, Zhang HT, Chen L, et al. Minimally invasive resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: Surgical approaches and clinical experiences with 38 patients[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2014, 116: 72-79.
|
[8] |
Garcia RM, Ivan ME, Lawton MT. Brainstem cavernous malformations: surgical results in 104 patients and a proposed grading system to predict neurological outcomes[J]. Neurosurgery, 2015, 76(3): 265-277.
|
[9] |
Albanese A, Sturiale CL, D'Alessandris QG, et al. Calcified extra-axial cavernoma involving lower cranial nerves: technical case report[J]. Neurosurgery, 2009, 64(3 Suppl): onsE135-136.
|
[10] |
Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, et al. Brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. Neurosurgery, 2009, 64(5): E805-E818.
|
[11] |
Simard JM, Garcia-Bengochea F, Ballinger WE Jr, et al. Cavernous angioma: a review of 126 collected and 12 new clinical cases[J]. Neurosurgery, 1986, 18(2): 162-172.
|
[12] |
Porter PJ, Willinsky RA, Harper W, et al. Cerebral cavernous malformations:natural history and prognosis after clinical deterioration with or without hemorrhage[J]. J Neurosurg, 1997, 87(2): 190-197.
|
[13] |
Ciurea AV, Nastase C, Tascu A, et al. Lethal recurrent hemorrhages of a brainstem cavernoma[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2007, 30(3): 259-262.
|
[14] |
Cantore G, Missori P, Santoro A. Cavernous angiomas of the brain stem. Intra-axial anatomical pitfalls and surgical strategies[J]. Surg Neurol, 1999, 52(1): 84-94.
|
[15] |
Ferroli P, Sinisi M, Franzini A, et al. Brainstem cavernomas:long-term results of microsurgical resection in 52 patients[J]. Neurosurgery, 2005, 56(6): 1203-1212.
|
[16] |
Ohue S, Fukushima T, Kumon Y, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas: selection of approaches and microsurgical techniques[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2010, 33(3): 315-324.
|
[17] |
Viñas FC, Gordon V, Guthikonda M, et al. Surgical management of cavernous malformations of the brainstem[J]. Neurol Res, 2002, 24(1): 61-72.
|
[18] |
Pozzati E, Giuliani G, Nuzzo G, et al. The growth of cerebral cavernous angiomas[J]. Neurosurgery, 1989, 25(1): 92-97.
|
[19] |
Menon G, Gopalakrishnan CV, Rao BR, et al. A single institution series of cavernomas of the brainstem[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2011, 18(9): 1210-1214.
|
[20] |
Mathiesen T, Edner G, Kihlstrom L. Deep and brainstem cavernomas: a consecutive 8-year series[J]. J Neurosurg, 2003, 99(1): 31-37.
|
[21] |
McLaughlin N, Kelly DF. Corticospinal tractography as a prognosticator for motor improvement after brainstem cavernoma resection[J]. Br J Neurosurg, 2013, 27(1): 108-110.
|
[22] |
Ulrich NH, Kockro RA, Bellut D, et al. Brainstem cavernoma surgery with the support of pre-and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging: initial experiences and clinical course of 23 patients[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2014, 37(3): 481-492.
|
[23] |
Kashimura H, Inoue T, Ogasawara K, et al. Pontine cavernous angioma resected using the subtemporal, anterior transpetrosal approach determined using three-dimensional anisotropy contrast iimaging: technical case report [J]. Neurosurgery, 2006, 58(1 Suppl): ONS-E175.
|
[24] |
Zimmerman RS, Spetzler RF, Lee KS, et al. Cavernous malformations of the brainstem[J]. J Neurosurg, 1991, 75(1): 32-39.
|
[25] |
Steinberg GK, Chang SD, Gewirtz RJ, et al. Microsurgical resection of brain stem, thalamic, and basal ganglia angiographically occult vascular malformations[J]. Neurosurgery, 2000, 46(2): 260-271.
|
[26] |
Ramina R, Mattei TA, de Aguiar PH, et al. Surgical management of brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. Neurol Sci, 2011, 32(6): 1013-1028.
|
[27] |
Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, et al. Brainstem cavernous malformations: 1390 surgical cases from the literature[J]. World Neurosurg, 2013, 80(1-2): 89-93.
|
[28] |
Dukatz T, Sarnthein J, Sitter H, et al. Quality of life after brainstem cavernoma surgery in 71 patients[J]. Neurosurgery, 2011, 69(3): 689-695.
|
[29] |
Tarnaris A, Fernandes RP, Kitchen ND. Does conservative management for brain stem cavernomas have better long-term outcome?[J]. Br J Neurosurg,2008, 22(6): 748-757.
|
[30] |
Bertalanffy H, Benes L, Miyazawa T, et al. Cerebral cavernomas in the adult. Review of the literature and analysis of 72 surgically treated patients[J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2002, 25(1-2): 1-53.
|
[31] |
Li H, Ju Y, Cai BW, et al. Experience of microsurgical treatment of brainstem cavernomas: report of 37 cases[J]. Neurol India, 2009, 57(3): 269-273.
|
[32] |
Amin-Hanjani S, Ogilvy CS, Ojemann RG, et al. Risks of surgical management for cavernous malformations of the nervous system[J]. Neurosurgery, 1998, 42(6): 1220-1228.
|
[33] |
Sola RG, Pulido P, Pastor J, et al. Surgical treatment of symptomatic cavernous malformations of the brainstem[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2007, 149(5): 463-470.
|
[34] |
Li D, Hao SY, Jia GJ, et al. Hemorrhage risks and functional outcomes of untreated brainstem cavernous malformations[J]. J Neurosurg, 2014, 121(1): 32-41.
|
[35] |
Li D, Hao SY, Tang J, et al. Clinical course of untreated pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations: hemorrhage risk and functional recovery[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2014, 13(5): 471-483.
|